biostudies-literatureUnknown14Laurberg JR<h4>Background</h4>The standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stages T2-T4a) is radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy. However, patients undergoing cystectomy show metastatic spread in 25% of cases and these patients will have limited benefit from surgery. Identification of patients with high risk of lymph node metastasis will help select patients that may benefit from neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy.<h4>Methods</h4>RNA was procured by laser micro dissection of primary bladder tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases for Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Gene Chip expression profiling. A publically available dataset was used for identification of the best candidate markers, and these were validated using immunohistochemistry in an independent patient BMC cancer638https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4164753biostudies-literatureHigh expression of GEM and EDNRA is associated with metastasis and poor outcome in patients with advanced bladder cancer.PMC4164753Jensen JBBorre MLaurberg JROrntoft TFDyrskjot LSchepeler TfalseHigh expression of GEM and EDNRA is associated with metastasis and poor outcome in patients with advanced bladder cancer.<h4>Background</h4>The standard treatment for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stages T2-T4a) is radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy. However, patients undergoing cystectomy show metastatic spread in 25% of cases and these patients will have limited benefit from surgery. Identification of patients with high risk of lymph node metastasis will help select patients that may benefit from neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy.<h4>Methods</h4>RNA was procured by laser micro dissection of primary bladder tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases for Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Gene Chip expression profiling. A publically available dataset was used for identification of the best candidate markers, and these were validated using immunohistochemistry in an independent patient 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 Aug2025-04-04T11:31:23.971Z2019-06-06T13:16:49ZS-EPMC41647532517547710.1186/1471-2407-14-638