biostudies-literatureWang YNICHD NIH HHSNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNIGMS NIH HHSNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Science Foundation184-92https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4296922biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal toxin known to human. Biodefense requires early and rapid detection of BoNTs. Traditionally, BoNTs can be detected by looking for signs of botulism in mice that receive an injection of human material, serum or stool. While the living animal assay remains the most sensitive approach, it is costly, slow and associated with legal and ethical constrains. Various biochemical, optical and mechanical methods have been developed for BoNTs detection with improved speed, but with lesser sensitivity. Here, we report a novel nanopore-based BoNT type B (BoNT-B) sensor that monitors the toxin's enzymatic activity on its substrate, a recombinant synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2 derivative. By analyzing the modulation of the pore current caused by the specACS applied materials & interfacesNanopore sensing of botulinum toxin type B by discriminating an enzymatically cleaved Peptide from a synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2 derivative.PMC4296922GM079613HD078678R21 HD078678R01 GM1142040546165R01 GM079613Montana VStout RFGrubisic VParpura VGu LQWang YfalseNanopore sensing of botulinum toxin type B by discriminating an enzymatically cleaved Peptide from a synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2 derivative.Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal toxin known to human. Biodefense requires early and rapid detection of BoNTs. Traditionally, BoNTs can be detected by looking for signs of botulism in mice that receive an injection of human material, serum or stool. While the living animal assay remains the most sensitive approach, it is costly, slow and associated with legal and ethical constrains. Various biochemical, optical and mechanical methods have been developed for BoNTs detection with improved speed, but with lesser sensitivity. Here, we report a novel nanopore-based BoNT type B (BoNT-B) sensor that monitors the toxin's enzymatic activity on its substrate, a recombinant synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2 derivative. By analyzing the modulation of the pore current caused by the spec2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015 Jan2026-04-29T14:52:24.884Z2026-04-07T15:21:06.409ZS-EPMC42969222551112510.1021/am5056596