biostudies-literatureVynnycky EMedical Research CouncilNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Wellcome TrustPHS HHS619-32https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4388015biostudies-literatureUnknown181(8)A recent major cluster randomized trial of screening, active disease treatment, and mass isoniazid preventive therapy for 9 months during 2006-2011 among South African gold miners showed reduced individual-level tuberculosis incidence but no detectable population-level impact. We fitted a dynamic mathematical model to trial data and explored 1) factors contributing to the lack of population-level impact, 2) the best-achievable impact if all implementation characteristics were increased to the highest level achieved during the trial ("optimized intervention"), and 3) how tuberculosis might be better controlled with additional interventions (improving diagnostics, reducing treatment delay, providing isoniazid preventive therapy continuously to human immunodeficiency virus-positive people, orAmerican journal of epidemiologyTuberculosis control in South African gold mines: mathematical modeling of a trial of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy.PMC4388015091769PHCS/03/01100714MR/K012126/1G0700837WT091769MR/K007467/15U2GPS0008111G0802414Corbett ELWhite RGVynnycky ELewis JJCox APGrant ADHayes RJFielding KLSumner TChurchyard GJfalseTuberculosis control in South African gold mines: mathematical modeling of a trial of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy.A recent major cluster randomized trial of screening, active disease treatment, and mass isoniazid preventive therapy for 9 months during 2006-2011 among South African gold miners showed reduced individual-level tuberculosis incidence but no detectable population-level impact. We fitted a dynamic mathematical model to trial data and explored 1) factors contributing to the lack of population-level impact, 2) the best-achievable impact if all implementation characteristics were increased to the highest level achieved during the trial ("optimized intervention"), and 3) how tuberculosis might be better controlled with additional interventions (improving diagnostics, reducing treatment delay, providing isoniazid preventive therapy continuously to human immunodeficiency virus-positive people, or2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015 Apr2025-04-19T02:53:27.503Z2019-03-27T01:49:32ZS-EPMC43880152579260710.1093/aje/kwu320