biostudies-literatureJones MKNIDCR NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHS755-9https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4401463biostudies-literatureUnknown346(6210)The cell tropism of human noroviruses and the development of an in vitro infection model remain elusive. Although susceptibility to individual human norovirus strains correlates with an individual's histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profile, the biological basis of this restriction is unknown. We demonstrate that human and mouse noroviruses infected B cells in vitro and likely in vivo. Human norovirus infection of B cells required the presence of HBGA-expressing enteric bacteria. Furthermore, mouse norovirus replication was reduced in vivo when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by means of oral antibiotic administration. Thus, we have identified B cells as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development oScience (New York, N.Y.)Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells.PMC4401463R01 DE019783T90 DE021990T32 AI007110T90 DE021990-02R21 AI103961R01 AI080611Wobus CEIovine NMJones MKVinje JGonzalez-Hernandez MBTibbetts SAWallet SMGraves CLGrau KRKeyes LRWatanabe MKarst SMZhu SfalseEnteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells.The cell tropism of human noroviruses and the development of an in vitro infection model remain elusive. Although susceptibility to individual human norovirus strains correlates with an individual's histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profile, the biological basis of this restriction is unknown. We demonstrate that human and mouse noroviruses infected B cells in vitro and likely in vivo. Human norovirus infection of B cells required the presence of HBGA-expressing enteric bacteria. Furthermore, mouse norovirus replication was reduced in vivo when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by means of oral antibiotic administration. Thus, we have identified B cells as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development o2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 Nov2025-04-18T16:38:49.107Z2019-03-27T01:50:05ZS-EPMC44014632537862610.1126/science.1257147