biostudies-literatureSingh SPIntramural NIH HHS3183-3197https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4412474biostudies-literatureUnknown40(11)Although regulation of CXCR3 and CCR4 is related to Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively, many CXCR3(+) and CCR4(+) cells do not express IFN-γ and/or IL-4, suggesting that the chemokine receptor genes might be inducible by mechanisms that are lineage-independent. We investigated the regulation of CXCR3 versus IFNG, and CCR4 versus IL4 in human CD4(+) T cells by analyzing modifications of histone H3. In naïve cord-blood cells, under nonpolarizing conditions not inducing IL4, CCR4 was induced to high levels without many of the activation-associated changes in promoter histone H3 found for both IL4 and CCR4 in Th2 cells. Importantly, CCR4 expression was stable in Th2 cells, but fell in nonpolarized cells after the cells were rested; this decline could be reversed by increasing histone acEuropean journal of immunologyChanges in histone acetylation and methylation that are important for persistent but not transient expression of CCR4 in human CD4+ T cells.PMC4412474ZIA AI000749Zhang HHde Camargo MMSingh SPFarber JMFoley JFHedrick MNfalseChanges in histone acetylation and methylation that are important for persistent but not transient expression of CCR4 in human CD4+ T cells.Although regulation of CXCR3 and CCR4 is related to Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively, many CXCR3(+) and CCR4(+) cells do not express IFN-γ and/or IL-4, suggesting that the chemokine receptor genes might be inducible by mechanisms that are lineage-independent. We investigated the regulation of CXCR3 versus IFNG, and CCR4 versus IL4 in human CD4(+) T cells by analyzing modifications of histone H3. In naïve cord-blood cells, under nonpolarizing conditions not inducing IL4, CCR4 was induced to high levels without many of the activation-associated changes in promoter histone H3 found for both IL4 and CCR4 in Th2 cells. Importantly, CCR4 expression was stable in Th2 cells, but fell in nonpolarized cells after the cells were rested; this decline could be reversed by increasing histone ac2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010 Nov2026-04-18T07:13:00.041Z2019-03-27T01:50:39ZS-EPMC44124742096378610.1002/eji.201040443