biostudies-literatureSwanton CCancer Research UKRosetrees TrustEuropean Research CouncilThe Francis Crick Institute704-12https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4497973biostudies-literatureUnknown5(7)<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Deep sequencing technologies are revealing the complexities of cancer evolution, casting light on mutational processes fueling tumor adaptation, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Understanding mechanisms driving cancer diversity is a critical step toward developing strategies to attenuate tumor evolution and adaptation. One emerging mechanism fueling tumor diversity and subclonal evolution is genomic DNA cytosine deamination catalyzed by APOBEC3B and at least one other APOBEC family member. Deregulation of APOBEC3 enzymes causes a general mutator phenotype that manifests as diverse and heterogeneous tumor subclones. Here, we summarize knowledge of the APOBEC DNA deaminase family in cancer, and their role as driving forces for intratumor heterogeneity and a therapeCancer discoveryAPOBEC Enzymes: Mutagenic Fuel for Cancer Evolution and Heterogeneity.PMC4497973A1931017786M17919310A1778610169M391617844A11590Swanton CHarris RSMcGranahan NStarrett GJfalseAPOBEC Enzymes: Mutagenic Fuel for Cancer Evolution and Heterogeneity.<h4>Unlabelled</h4>Deep sequencing technologies are revealing the complexities of cancer evolution, casting light on mutational processes fueling tumor adaptation, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Understanding mechanisms driving cancer diversity is a critical step toward developing strategies to attenuate tumor evolution and adaptation. One emerging mechanism fueling tumor diversity and subclonal evolution is genomic DNA cytosine deamination catalyzed by APOBEC3B and at least one other APOBEC family member. Deregulation of APOBEC3 enzymes causes a general mutator phenotype that manifests as diverse and heterogeneous tumor subclones. Here, we summarize knowledge of the APOBEC DNA deaminase family in cancer, and their role as driving forces for intratumor heterogeneity and a therape2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015 Jul2025-04-05T13:09:31.555Z2019-06-06T14:36:09ZS-EPMC44979732609182810.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-034410.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0344