biostudies-literatureUnknown59(10)Porte RProphylactic intranasal administration of the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin protects mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might improve the therapeutic index of antibiotics for the treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice. Intranasal administration of flagellin was combined with either oral administration of amoxicillin or intraperitoneal injection of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat S. pneumoniae-infected animals. Compared with standalone treatments, the combination of antibiotic and flagellin resulted in a lower bacterial load in the lungs and greater protection against S. pneumoniae dissemination and was associated with an early increase in neutrophil infiltration iAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy6064-72https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4576040biostudies-literatureA Toll-Like Receptor 5 Agonist Improves the Efficacy of Antibiotics in Treatment of Primary and Influenza Virus-Associated Pneumococcal Mouse Infections.PMC4576040Wallet FTabareau JCarnoy CGeorgel AFTrottein FMunoz-Wolf NChabalgoity JAFougeron DPaget CSirard JCPorte RfalseA Toll-Like Receptor 5 Agonist Improves the Efficacy of Antibiotics in Treatment of Primary and Influenza Virus-Associated Pneumococcal Mouse Infections.Prophylactic intranasal administration of the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin protects mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might improve the therapeutic index of antibiotics for the treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infections in mice. Intranasal administration of flagellin was combined with either oral administration of amoxicillin or intraperitoneal injection of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat S. pneumoniae-infected animals. Compared with standalone treatments, the combination of antibiotic and flagellin resulted in a lower bacterial load in the lungs and greater protection against S. pneumoniae dissemination and was associated with an early increase in neutrophil infiltration i2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015 Oct2025-04-21T23:26:26.768Z2019-03-27T01:58:41ZS-EPMC45760402619551910.1128/AAC.01210-1510.1128/aac.01210-15