{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Hurst LD"],"funding":["European Research Council","Medical Research Council","Wellcome Trust"],"pagination":["e1002315"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4686125"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["13(12)"],"pubmed_abstract":["X chromosomes are unusual in many regards, not least of which is their nonrandom gene content. The causes of this bias are commonly discussed in the context of sexual antagonism and the avoidance of activity in the male germline. Here, we examine the notion that, at least in some taxa, functionally biased gene content may more profoundly be shaped by limits imposed on gene expression owing to haploid expression of the X chromosome. Notably, if the X, as in primates, is transcribed at rates comparable to the ancestral rate (per promoter) prior to the X chromosome formation, then the X is not a tolerable environment for genes with very high maximal net levels of expression, owing to transcriptional traffic jams. We test this hypothesis using The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and data"],"journal":["PLoS biology"],"pubmed_title":["The Constrained Maximal Expression Level Owing to Haploidy Shapes Gene Content on the Mammalian X Chromosome."],"pmcid":["PMC4686125"],"funding_grant_id":["MR/L007215/1","669207"],"pubmed_authors":["Ohmiya H","Fang H","Arakawa T","Vijayan D","Kawaguchi S","Winteringham LN","Albanese D","Carbajo D","Mummery CL","Kajiyama K","Guler R","Blake JA","Iida K","Jankovic BR","Lilje B","Kawai J","Ohshima M","Zucchelli S","Brombacher F","Kawamura YI","Frith MC","Saijyo E","Gibson A","Sakaguchi S","Kanamori-Katayama M","Farach-Carson MC","Sandelin A","Altschuler GM","Forrest AR","Herlyn M","Freeman TC","Satoh H","Bajic VB","'t Hoen PA","Hurst LD","Motakis E","Saka A","Zhao X","Hashimoto T","de Hoon MJ","Roy S","Rackham OJ","Rehli M","Moro K","Arner P","Mejhert N","Lipovich L","Young RS","Mungall CJ","Francescatto M","Hume DA","Okada-Hatakeyama M","Arner E","Makeev VJ","Dohi T","Endoh M","Sato H","Sugiyama D","Bertin N","Ogishima S","Furlanello C","van den Berg LM","Faulkner GJ","Sugiyama T","Drablos F","Taylor MS","Chen Y","Ghanbarian AT","Dalla E","Lenhard B","Kojima S","Passier R","Tanaka H","Lassmann T","Pradhan-Bhatt S","Saxena A","Kawaji H","Kojima M","Li K","Summers KM","Huminiecki L","Medvedeva YA","Gingeras T","Beckhouse AG","Wasserman WW","Carninci P","Ciani Y","Nakamura Y","Edinger M","Swoboda RK","Yonekura Y","Itoh M","Nakamura T","Semple CA","Zhang PG","Hitchens KJ","Shin JW","Suzuki M","Suzuki N","Jia H","Fisher ME","Hoof I","Suzuki H","Okazaki Y","Rye MB","Lennartsson A","Yoneda M","Kwon AT","Diehl AD","Chierici M","Watanabe S","Baillie J","Ishizu Y","Ho Sui SJ","Rashid M","Gustincich S","Fagiolini M","Geijtenbeek TB","Cannistraci CV","Fairbairn L","Mackay-sim A","Thompson M","Nozaki T","Ha TJ","Ohkura N","Ravasi T","Shimoni Y","Kasianov AS","van Nimwegen E","Ovchinnikov DA","Khachigian LM","Sajantila A","Savvi S","Kulakovskiy IV","Furusawa J","Koseki H","Krampitz S","Nakahara F","Tagami M","Morikawa H","Hamaguchi M","Morais DA","Sengstag T","Daub CO","Alam I","Wood EJ","Andersson R","Califano A","Briggs J","Mathelier A","Detmar M","Ekwall K","Archer JA","Bonetti A","Noma S","Harshbarger J","Burroughs A","Katayama S","Schaefer U","Nakazato K","Schneider C","Balwierz PJ","Goldowitz D","Tatsukawa H","Kai C","Hara M","Gough J","Davis CA","Persson H","Knox AJ","Yoshida S","Fujita R","Kawashima T","Hori F","Kaiho A","Bodega B","Koyasu S","Roncador M","Tatum Z","Kaida K","Laros JF","Severin J","Baker S","Kondo N","Dimont E","Lee W","van de Wetering M","Zabierowski SE","Simon C","Nakachi Y","Babina M","Meehan TF","Fukuda S","Morimoto M","Guhl S","Clevers HC","Enomoto H","Kaczkowski B","Ikawa T","Toyoda T","Schulze-Tanzil GG","Pain A","Ohno H","Marchand B","Klinken S","Yamamoto M","Schwegmann A","Vorontsov IE","Heutink P","Verardo R","Ninomiya N","Mar JC","Hasegawa Y","Manabe R","Meynert A","Toyoda H","Nishiyori H","Sakai M","Plessy C","Ramilowski JA","Schultes EA","Prendergast JG","FANTOM consortium","Shimoji H","Harbers M","Lizio M","Haberle V","Hayashizaki Y","Hide W","Kempfle JS","Yamaguchi Y","Favorov AV","Mizuno Y","Vitezic M","Sheng G","Hasegawa A","Wells CA","Kere J","Furuno M","Murata M","Takahashi N","Edge AS","Kasukawa T","Schmeier S","Wolvetang E","Kawamoto H","Nagao-Sato S","Joshi A","Kato S","Piazza S","Patrikakis M","Valen E","Jorgensen M","Blumenthal A","Hofmann OM","Kenna TJ","Rizzu P","Takai J","Kitamura T","Schmidl C","Jurman G","Kubosaki A","Motohashi H","Orlando V"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"The Constrained Maximal Expression Level Owing to Haploidy Shapes Gene Content on the Mammalian X Chromosome.","description":"X chromosomes are unusual in many regards, not least of which is their nonrandom gene content. The causes of this bias are commonly discussed in the context of sexual antagonism and the avoidance of activity in the male germline. Here, we examine the notion that, at least in some taxa, functionally biased gene content may more profoundly be shaped by limits imposed on gene expression owing to haploid expression of the X chromosome. Notably, if the X, as in primates, is transcribed at rates comparable to the ancestral rate (per promoter) prior to the X chromosome formation, then the X is not a tolerable environment for genes with very high maximal net levels of expression, owing to transcriptional traffic jams. We test this hypothesis using The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and data","dates":{"release":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2015 Dec","modification":"2026-05-05T07:54:13.457Z","creation":"2019-03-26T22:46:56Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC4686125","cross_references":{"pubmed":["26685068"],"doi":["10.1371/journal.pbio.1002315"]}}