biostudies-literature00500Muller CEuropean Research CouncilNovo Nordisk Fonden969-978https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4818260biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)Effects of ARA290 on glucose homeostasis were studied in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. In GK rats receiving ARA290 daily for up to 4 wks, plasma glucose concentrations were lower after 3 and 4 wks, and hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) was reduced by ~20% without changes in whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in islets from ARA290-treated rats. Additionally, in response to glucose, carbachol and KCl, islet cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ concentrations, [Ca²⁺]_i, were higher and the frequency of [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations enhanced compared with placebo. ARA290 also improved stimulus-secretion coupling for glucose in GK rat islets, as shown by an improved glucose oxidation rate, ATP production and acutely enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. ARA290 also exerted an effect distal to the ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channel on the insulin exocytotic pathway, since the insulin response was improved following islet depolarization by KCl when K_ATP channels were kept open by diazoxide. Finally, inhibition of protein kinase A completely abolished effects of ARA290 on insulin secretion. In conclusion, ARA290 improved glucose tolerance without affecting hematocrit in diabetic GK rats. This effect appears to be due to improved γ-cell glucose metabolism and [Ca²⁺]_i handling, and thereby enhanced glucose-induced insulin release.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)ARA290 Improves Insulin Release and Glucose Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.PMC4818260338936NNF12OC1016557Yassin KEfendic SLi LSMuller CCerami AOstenson CGPalmblad MBerggren POBrines M50falseARA290 Improves Insulin Release and Glucose Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.Effects of ARA290 on glucose homeostasis were studied in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. In GK rats receiving ARA290 daily for up to 4 wks, plasma glucose concentrations were lower after 3 and 4 wks, and hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) was reduced by ~20% without changes in whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in islets from ARA290-treated rats. Additionally, in response to glucose, carbachol and KCl, islet cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ concentrations, [Ca²⁺]_i, were higher and the frequency of [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations enhanced compared with placebo. ARA290 also improved stimulus-secretion coupling for glucose in GK rat islets, as shown by an improved glucose oxidation rate, ATP production and acutely enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. ARA290 also exerted an effect distal to the ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channel on the insulin exocytotic pathway, since the insulin response was improved following islet depolarization by KCl when K_ATP channels were kept open by diazoxide. Finally, inhibition of protein kinase A completely abolished effects of ARA290 on insulin secretion. In conclusion, ARA290 improved glucose tolerance without affecting hematocrit in diabetic GK rats. This effect appears to be due to improved γ-cell glucose metabolism and [Ca²⁺]_i handling, and thereby enhanced glucose-induced insulin release.2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 May2024-11-09T12:21:43.218Z2019-03-27T03:11:01ZS-EPMC48182602673617910.2119/molmed.2015.00267