biostudies-literatureUnknown7Hammill EThe high incidence of armed conflicts in biodiverse regions poses significant challenges in achieving international conservation targets. Because attitudes towards risk vary, we assessed different strategies for protected area planning that reflected alternative attitudes towards the risk of armed conflicts. We find that ignoring conflict risk will deliver the lowest return on investment. Opting to completely avoid conflict-prone areas offers limited improvements and could lead to species receiving no protection. Accounting for conflict by protecting additional areas to offset the impacts of armed conflicts would not only increase the return on investment (an effect that is enhanced when high-risk areas are excluded) but also increase upfront conservation costs. Our results also demonstratNature communications11042https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4820849biostudies-literatureFactoring attitudes towards armed conflict risk into selection of protected areas for conservation.PMC4820849Wilson KAHammill ETulloch AIStrange NPossingham HPfalseFactoring attitudes towards armed conflict risk into selection of protected areas for conservation.The high incidence of armed conflicts in biodiverse regions poses significant challenges in achieving international conservation targets. Because attitudes towards risk vary, we assessed different strategies for protected area planning that reflected alternative attitudes towards the risk of armed conflicts. We find that ignoring conflict risk will deliver the lowest return on investment. Opting to completely avoid conflict-prone areas offers limited improvements and could lead to species receiving no protection. Accounting for conflict by protecting additional areas to offset the impacts of armed conflicts would not only increase the return on investment (an effect that is enhanced when high-risk areas are excluded) but also increase upfront conservation costs. Our results also demonstrat2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Mar2025-04-26T02:14:45.133Z2019-03-27T03:11:13ZS-EPMC48208492702589410.1038/ncomms11042