biostudies-literatureLudlow CLInstitute for Systems BiologyNIHUniversity of LuxembourgNIGMS NIH HHS965-71https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4821677biostudies-literatureUnknown26(7)Modern transportation networks have facilitated the migration and mingling of previously isolated populations of plants, animals, and insects. Human activities can also influence the global distribution of microorganisms. The best-understood example is yeasts associated with winemaking. Humans began making wine in the Middle East over 9,000 years ago [1, 2]. Selecting favorable fermentation products created specialized strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3, 4] that were transported along with grapevines. Today, S. cerevisiae strains residing in vineyards around the world are genetically similar, and their population structure suggests a common origin that followed the path of human migration [3-7]. Like wine, coffee and cacao depend on microbial fermentation [8, 9] and have been globally Current biology : CBIndependent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation.PMC4821677GM080669R01 GM080669Jeffery EWLudlow CLDudley AMCromie GAGarmendia-Torres CSirr AFay JCHays MField CfalseIndependent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation.Modern transportation networks have facilitated the migration and mingling of previously isolated populations of plants, animals, and insects. Human activities can also influence the global distribution of microorganisms. The best-understood example is yeasts associated with winemaking. Humans began making wine in the Middle East over 9,000 years ago [1, 2]. Selecting favorable fermentation products created specialized strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3, 4] that were transported along with grapevines. Today, S. cerevisiae strains residing in vineyards around the world are genetically similar, and their population structure suggests a common origin that followed the path of human migration [3-7]. Like wine, coffee and cacao depend on microbial fermentation [8, 9] and have been globally 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Apr2026-04-14T11:26:30.67Z2019-03-27T03:11:16ZS-EPMC48216772702074510.1016/j.cub.2016.02.012