biostudies-literatureStephenson KENIAID NIH HHSAIDS Clinical Trials GroupNational Institutes of HealthRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvardofw100https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4943535biostudies-literatureUnknown3(2)The examination of antibody responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals in the setting of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption can provide insight into the evolution of antibody responses during viral rebound. In this study, we assessed antibody responses in 20 subjects in AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5187, wherein subjects were treated with antiretroviral therapy during acute/early HIV-1 infection, underwent analytic treatment interruption, and subsequently demonstrated viral rebound. Our data suggest that early initiation of ART arrests the maturation of HIV-1-specific antibody responses, preventing epitope diversification of antibody binding and the development of functional neutralizing capacity. Antibody responses do not appear permanently blunted, however, because viral rebound triggered the resumption of antibody maturation in our study. We also found that antibody responses measured by these assays did not predict imminent viral rebound. These data have important implications for the HIV-1 vaccine and eradication fields.Open forum infectious diseasesAntibody Responses After Analytic Treatment Interruption in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Individuals on Early Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy.PMC4943535P30 AI060354U19 AI078526R01 AI084794K23 AI114381U19 AI095985AI084794U19 AI096040AI095985AI060354AI078526AI096040Bricault CABayne MPawlowski NNeubauer GHRosenberg ESBarouch DHShields JSeaman MSReimer UZerweck JStephenson KEKnaute TfalseAntibody Responses After Analytic Treatment Interruption in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Individuals on Early Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy.The examination of antibody responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals in the setting of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption can provide insight into the evolution of antibody responses during viral rebound. In this study, we assessed antibody responses in 20 subjects in AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5187, wherein subjects were treated with antiretroviral therapy during acute/early HIV-1 infection, underwent analytic treatment interruption, and subsequently demonstrated viral rebound. Our data suggest that early initiation of ART arrests the maturation of HIV-1-specific antibody responses, preventing epitope diversification of antibody binding and the development of functional neutralizing capacity. Antibody responses do not appear permanently blunted, however, because viral rebound triggered the resumption of antibody maturation in our study. We also found that antibody responses measured by these assays did not predict imminent viral rebound. These data have important implications for the HIV-1 vaccine and eradication fields.2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Apr2024-11-13T17:50:50.252Z2019-03-27T02:18:17ZS-EPMC49435352741917210.1093/ofid/ofw100