biostudies-literatureUnknown16Lee HY<h4>Background</h4>In bone metabolism, Ca(2+) disturbance and oxidative damage are the main biochemical factors related to pathology. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that also control bone endocrinology. Endocrine hormones and proteins are matured, folded, and secreted in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress has emerged as a new pathological mechanism to explain bone disturbance. Here we studied the role of porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPHs) in the regulation of ER stress.<h4>Methods</h4>Cell viability was determined in vitro using trypan blue dye exclusion. ER stress and apoptosis were evaluated using immunoblotting and a caspase kit. The fluorescent Ca(2+)-binding dye Fura-2/AM was used to measure changes in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i). ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, BMC complementary and alternative medicine237https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4960880biostudies-literaturePorcine placenta hydrolysates regulate calcium disturbance in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.PMC4960880Chae HJLee HYKim JHPark SYKim HRfalsePorcine placenta hydrolysates regulate calcium disturbance in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.<h4>Background</h4>In bone metabolism, Ca(2+) disturbance and oxidative damage are the main biochemical factors related to pathology. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that also control bone endocrinology. Endocrine hormones and proteins are matured, folded, and secreted in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress has emerged as a new pathological mechanism to explain bone disturbance. Here we studied the role of porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPHs) in the regulation of ER stress.<h4>Methods</h4>Cell viability was determined in vitro using trypan blue dye exclusion. ER stress and apoptosis were evaluated using immunoblotting and a caspase kit. The fluorescent Ca(2+)-binding dye Fura-2/AM was used to measure changes in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i). ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Jul2026-07-15T21:29:29.835Z2026-07-09T10:14:46.255ZS-EPMC49608802745707510.1186/s12906-016-1202-1