biostudies-literatureConway Morris AInnovate UKMedical Research CouncilNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)National Institute for Academic Anaesthesiae011326https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4964235biostudies-literatureUnknown6(7)<h4>Introduction</h4>Critically ill patients are at high risk of nosocomial infections, with between 20% and 40% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) acquiring infections. These infections result in increased antibiotic use, and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Although critical illness is classically associated with hyperinflammation, the high rates of nosocomial infection argue for an importance of effect of impaired immunity. Our group recently demonstrated that a combination of 3 measures of immune cell function (namely neutrophil CD88, monocyte HLA-DR and % regulatory T cells) identified a patient population with a 2.4-5-fold greater risk for susceptibility to nosocomial infections.<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>This is a prospective, observational study to BMJ openPredictive value of cell-surface markers in infections in critically ill patients: protocol for an observational study (ImmuNe FailurE in Critical Therapy (INFECT) Study).PMC496423515457-108136G0901697CL-2013-14-007Weir CJAntonelli JWang AWarner NLewis SMare TRossi AGDatta DShankar-Hari MConway Morris AHulme GRennie JDimmick ISimpson AJKeenan JWalsh TSBrown KAfalsePredictive value of cell-surface markers in infections in critically ill patients: protocol for an observational study (ImmuNe FailurE in Critical Therapy (INFECT) Study).<h4>Introduction</h4>Critically ill patients are at high risk of nosocomial infections, with between 20% and 40% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) acquiring infections. These infections result in increased antibiotic use, and are associated with morbidity and mortality. Although critical illness is classically associated with hyperinflammation, the high rates of nosocomial infection argue for an importance of effect of impaired immunity. Our group recently demonstrated that a combination of 3 measures of immune cell function (namely neutrophil CD88, monocyte HLA-DR and % regulatory T cells) identified a patient population with a 2.4-5-fold greater risk for susceptibility to nosocomial infections.<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>This is a prospective, observational study to 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Jul2026-06-08T06:48:03.448Z2026-06-08T03:14:01.791ZS-EPMC49642352743190110.1136/bmjopen-2016-011326