biostudies-literatureGraham HTNCATS NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHSOffice of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health138https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5013254biostudies-literatureUnknown7Given the high costs of conducting a drug-response trial, researchers are now aiming to use retrospective analyses to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify underlying genetic contributions to drug-response variation. To prevent confounding results from a GWAS to investigate drug response, it is necessary to account for concomitant medications, defined as any medication taken concurrently with the primary medication being investigated. We use data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease (ACCORD) trial in order to implement a novel scoring procedure for incorporating concomitant medication information into a linear regression model in preparation for GWAS. In order to accomplish this, two primary medications were selected: thiazolidinediones and metformin becauFrontiers in geneticsIncorporating Concomitant Medications into Genome-Wide Analyses for the Study of Complex Disease and Drug Response.PMC5013254RO1 HL110-380UL1 TR002489R01 HL110380UL1 TR001111Bailey CAshanti CGoldberg AGRocky TLeone ADeQuattro DLRao JPRubin DPrewedo DJBerger ARamirez JRushing SSparrow LKendall DRamirez MStudney JHeimberg MFelton SBryan RNCapes SRussell SAlley DBartlett ACummings LWhite KBerard LWhite JHarper WKhillan RIrwin JEWhipple DGunyou KHoward MKuramoto AWeinhand JCWei EZimmerman WMaher MDeQuattro AVHagan ASchwanke BMaranger JMayer ACBelanger AZimmerman RPittler AKodl CBraden JLombardo ABunkers-Lawson TSuhan PAnderson RTBecerra LDriscoll MReilly PQuaempts RChung AWest SMcCoy RSteinman RBenedict LEHustak LCruciani MHaddad GPassi RAbreu LSiraj ETyzinski MAnderlic TSchmidt NPRani DLincoln CChen SHoover BMurray MGedon-Lipscomb GNorth-Lee BFriedewald WTNelson 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PGonder JKirchner KACampbell CGonzales CBritt DfalseIncorporating Concomitant Medications into Genome-Wide Analyses for the Study of Complex Disease and Drug Response.Given the high costs of conducting a drug-response trial, researchers are now aiming to use retrospective analyses to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify underlying genetic contributions to drug-response variation. To prevent confounding results from a GWAS to investigate drug response, it is necessary to account for concomitant medications, defined as any medication taken concurrently with the primary medication being investigated. We use data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease (ACCORD) trial in order to implement a novel scoring procedure for incorporating concomitant medication information into a linear regression model in preparation for GWAS. In order to accomplish this, two primary medications were selected: thiazolidinediones and metformin becau2016-01-01T00:00:00Z20162026-05-04T01:52:26.323Z2019-03-27T02:23:37ZS-EPMC50132542777510110.3389/fgene.2016.00138