biostudies-literatureUnknown12(9)Li YMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (JP)Uncertainty of fear conditioning is crucial for the acquisition and extinction of fear memory. Fear memory acquired through partial pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) is more resistant to extinction than that acquired through full pairings; this effect is known as the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). Although the PREE has been explained by psychological theories, the neural mechanisms underlying the PREE remain largely unclear. Here, we developed a neural circuit model based on three distinct types of neurons (fear, persistent and extinction neurons) in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the model, the fear, persistent and extinction neurons encode predictions of net severity, of unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity,PLoS computational biologye1005099https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5019407biostudies-literatureUncertainty-Dependent Extinction of Fear Memory in an Amygdala-mPFC Neural Circuit Model.PMC5019407Li YNaoki HNakae KIshii SfalseUncertainty-Dependent Extinction of Fear Memory in an Amygdala-mPFC Neural Circuit Model.Uncertainty of fear conditioning is crucial for the acquisition and extinction of fear memory. Fear memory acquired through partial pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) is more resistant to extinction than that acquired through full pairings; this effect is known as the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). Although the PREE has been explained by psychological theories, the neural mechanisms underlying the PREE remain largely unclear. Here, we developed a neural circuit model based on three distinct types of neurons (fear, persistent and extinction neurons) in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the model, the fear, persistent and extinction neurons encode predictions of net severity, of unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity,2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Sep2026-05-05T14:34:52.014Z2019-03-26T22:42:50ZS-EPMC50194072761774710.1371/journal.pcbi.1005099