biostudies-literatureMiao HIntramural NIH HHSIntramural NIST DOC830-834https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5063246biostudies-literatureUnknown12A moiré pattern is created by superimposing two black-and-white or gray-scale patterns of regular geometry, such as two sets of evenly spaced lines. We observed an analogous effect between two transparent phase masks in a light beam which occurs at a distance. This phase moiré effect and the classic moiré effect are shown to be the two ends of a continuous spectrum. The phase moiré effect allows the detection of sub-resolution intensity or phase patterns with a transparent screen. When applied to x-ray imaging, it enables a polychromatic far-field interferometer (PFI) without absorption gratings. X-ray interferometry can non-invasively detect refractive index variations inside an object1-10. Current bench-top interferometers operate in the near field with limitations in sensitivity and x-ray dose efficiency2, 5, 7-10. The universal moiré effect helps overcome these limitations and obviates the need to make hard x-ray absorption gratings of sub-micron periods.Nature physicsA Universal Moire Effect and Application in X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging.PMC5063246Z99 HL999999Z01 HL004606-11Z01 HL004606-129999-NISTBennett EEWen HGomella AAZnati SChen LMiao HPanna AfalseA Universal Moire Effect and Application in X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging.A moiré pattern is created by superimposing two black-and-white or gray-scale patterns of regular geometry, such as two sets of evenly spaced lines. We observed an analogous effect between two transparent phase masks in a light beam which occurs at a distance. This phase moiré effect and the classic moiré effect are shown to be the two ends of a continuous spectrum. The phase moiré effect allows the detection of sub-resolution intensity or phase patterns with a transparent screen. When applied to x-ray imaging, it enables a polychromatic far-field interferometer (PFI) without absorption gratings. X-ray interferometry can non-invasively detect refractive index variations inside an object1-10. Current bench-top interferometers operate in the near field with limitations in sensitivity and x-ray dose efficiency2, 5, 7-10. The universal moiré effect helps overcome these limitations and obviates the need to make hard x-ray absorption gratings of sub-micron periods.2016-01-01T00:00:00Z20162020-10-31T08:59:03Z2019-03-27T02:26:36ZS-EPMC50632462774682310.1038/nphys3734