biostudies-literatureUnknown7Svitashev STargeted DNA double-strand breaks have been shown to significantly increase the frequency and precision of genome editing. In the past two decades, several double-strand break technologies have been developed. CRISPR-Cas9 has quickly become the technology of choice for genome editing due to its simplicity, efficiency and versatility. Currently, genome editing in plants primarily relies on delivering double-strand break reagents in the form of DNA vectors. Here we report biolistic delivery of pre-assembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoproteins into maize embryo cells and regeneration of plants with both mutated and edited alleles. Using this method of delivery, we also demonstrate DNA- and selectable marker-free gene mutagenesis in maize and recovery of plants with mutated alleles at high frequencieNature communications13274https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5116081biostudies-literatureGenome editing in maize directed by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes.PMC5116081Svitashev SSchwartz CLenderts BYoung JKMark Cigan AfalseGenome editing in maize directed by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes.Targeted DNA double-strand breaks have been shown to significantly increase the frequency and precision of genome editing. In the past two decades, several double-strand break technologies have been developed. CRISPR-Cas9 has quickly become the technology of choice for genome editing due to its simplicity, efficiency and versatility. Currently, genome editing in plants primarily relies on delivering double-strand break reagents in the form of DNA vectors. Here we report biolistic delivery of pre-assembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoproteins into maize embryo cells and regeneration of plants with both mutated and edited alleles. Using this method of delivery, we also demonstrate DNA- and selectable marker-free gene mutagenesis in maize and recovery of plants with mutated alleles at high frequencie2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Nov2025-04-25T19:17:52.688Z2019-03-27T02:29:22ZS-EPMC51160812784893310.1038/ncomms13274