biostudies-literatureJastreboff AMNCATS NIH HHSNIDCR NIH HHSNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNIDDK NIH HHSNIDA NIH HHSNCRR NIH HHSNIH1929-39https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5384636biostudies-literatureUnknown65(7)Increased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has been linked to higher rates of obesity. Using functional MRI, we assessed brain perfusion responses to drinking two commonly consumed monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, in obese and lean adolescents. Marked differences were observed. In response to drinking glucose, obese adolescents exhibited decreased brain perfusion in brain regions involved in executive function (prefrontal cortex [PFC]) and increased perfusion in homeostatic appetite regions of the brain (hypothalamus). Conversely, in response to drinking glucose, lean adolescents demonstrated increased PFC brain perfusion and no change in perfusion in the hypothalamus. In addition, obese adolescents demonstrated attenuated suppression of serum acyl-ghrelin and increased circulating insulin level after glucose ingestion; furthermore, the change in acyl-ghrelin and insulin levels after both glucose and fructose ingestion was associated with increased hypothalamic, thalamic, and hippocampal blood flow in obese relative to lean adolescents. Additionally, in all subjects there was greater perfusion in the ventral striatum with fructose relative to glucose ingestion. Finally, reduced connectivity between executive, homeostatic, and hedonic brain regions was observed in obese adolescents. These data demonstrate that obese adolescents have impaired prefrontal executive control responses to drinking glucose and fructose, while their homeostatic and hedonic responses appear to be heightened. Thus, obesity-related brain adaptations to glucose and fructose consumption in obese adolescents may contribute to excessive consumption of glucose and fructose, thereby promoting further weight gain.DiabetesAltered Brain Response to Drinking Glucose and Fructose in Obese Adolescents.PMC5384636UL1-RR024139UL1 TR000142R01 DK085577UL1-DE019586P30 DK045735R01-DK-099039R37-DK-204951K23-DK-1016941R01-DK-085577-01P30-DK-045735UL1 DE019586R01 DK099039K12 DK094714UL1 RR024139K23 DK101694PL1 DA024859PL1-DA0248595K12-DK-094714R37 DK020495R01 DK020495Van Name MASherwin RSMalik SJastreboff AMDuran EJSavoye MConstable RTSinha RSantoro NCline GGiannini CKubat JCaprio SArora JPierpont BfalseAltered Brain Response to Drinking Glucose and Fructose in Obese Adolescents.Increased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption has been linked to higher rates of obesity. Using functional MRI, we assessed brain perfusion responses to drinking two commonly consumed monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, in obese and lean adolescents. Marked differences were observed. In response to drinking glucose, obese adolescents exhibited decreased brain perfusion in brain regions involved in executive function (prefrontal cortex [PFC]) and increased perfusion in homeostatic appetite regions of the brain (hypothalamus). Conversely, in response to drinking glucose, lean adolescents demonstrated increased PFC brain perfusion and no change in perfusion in the hypothalamus. In addition, obese adolescents demonstrated attenuated suppression of serum acyl-ghrelin and increased circulating insulin level after glucose ingestion; furthermore, the change in acyl-ghrelin and insulin levels after both glucose and fructose ingestion was associated with increased hypothalamic, thalamic, and hippocampal blood flow in obese relative to lean adolescents. Additionally, in all subjects there was greater perfusion in the ventral striatum with fructose relative to glucose ingestion. Finally, reduced connectivity between executive, homeostatic, and hedonic brain regions was observed in obese adolescents. These data demonstrate that obese adolescents have impaired prefrontal executive control responses to drinking glucose and fructose, while their homeostatic and hedonic responses appear to be heightened. Thus, obesity-related brain adaptations to glucose and fructose consumption in obese adolescents may contribute to excessive consumption of glucose and fructose, thereby promoting further weight gain.2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Jul2024-11-19T20:33:08.198Z2019-03-27T02:40:44ZS-EPMC53846362720754410.2337/db15-1216