biostudies-literatureUnknown102(9)Burkholder JMToxicity and its detection in the dinoflagellate fish predators Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae depend on the strain and the use of reliable assays. Two assays, standardized fish bioassays (SFBs) with juvenile fish and fish microassays (FMAs) with larval fish, were compared for their utility to detect toxic Pfiesteria. The comparison included strains with confirmed toxicity, negative controls (noninducible Pfiesteria strains and a related nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid dinoflagellate), and P. shumwayae strain CCMP2089, which previously had been reported as nontoxic. SFBs, standardized by using toxic Pfiesteria (coupled with tests confirming Pfiesteria toxin) and conditions conducive to toxicity expression, reliably detected actively toxic Pfiesteria, but FMAs did not. PfiesterProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America3471-6https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC552923biostudies-literatureDemonstration of toxicity to fish and to mammalian cells by Pfiesteria species: comparison of assay methods and strains.PMC552923Coyne KJRublee PADeamer NJKempton JWMorton SLMoeller PDCary SCGordon ASBurkholder JMRamsdell JSLaw JMLewitus AJMarshall HGfalseDemonstration of toxicity to fish and to mammalian cells by Pfiesteria species: comparison of assay methods and strains.Toxicity and its detection in the dinoflagellate fish predators Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae depend on the strain and the use of reliable assays. Two assays, standardized fish bioassays (SFBs) with juvenile fish and fish microassays (FMAs) with larval fish, were compared for their utility to detect toxic Pfiesteria. The comparison included strains with confirmed toxicity, negative controls (noninducible Pfiesteria strains and a related nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid dinoflagellate), and P. shumwayae strain CCMP2089, which previously had been reported as nontoxic. SFBs, standardized by using toxic Pfiesteria (coupled with tests confirming Pfiesteria toxin) and conditions conducive to toxicity expression, reliably detected actively toxic Pfiesteria, but FMAs did not. Pfiester2005-01-01T00:00:00Z2005 Mar2026-05-02T22:36:32.141Z2019-03-27T01:08:38ZS-EPMC5529231572835310.1073/pnas.0500168102