biostudies-literatureBetts MRNIAID NIH HHSMedical Research Council4512-7https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC552973biostudies-literatureUnknown102(12)Worldwide HIV-1 vaccine efforts are guided by the principle that HIV-specific T cell responses may provide protection from infection or delay overt disease. However, no clear correlates of T cell-mediated immune protection have been identified. Here, we examine in a HLA-B27(+) HIV seronegative vaccinee persistent HIV-specific vaccine-induced anti-Gag CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Although these responses exhibited those characteristics (multifunctionality, appropriate memory phenotype, and targeting of epitopes associated with long-term nonprogression) predicted to correlate with protection from infection, the subject became HIV infected. After HIV infection, the vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells expanded, but both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses acquired the functional and phenotypiProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaCharacterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection.PMC5529735T32 AI073925U01-AI46725T32 AI007392U01 AI0467253P30-AI286625R01-AI50483U01-AI41530R01 AI050483G108/441R01-AI49126R01 AI049126U01 AI041530Tomaras GRoederer MDouek DCPrice DAAmbrozak DRFerrari GWest SMBelshe RGoepfert PGao FKilby JMBansal AKoup RABetts MRExley BWeinhold KJTartaglia JCamacho ZTTeaberry VfalseCharacterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection.Worldwide HIV-1 vaccine efforts are guided by the principle that HIV-specific T cell responses may provide protection from infection or delay overt disease. However, no clear correlates of T cell-mediated immune protection have been identified. Here, we examine in a HLA-B27(+) HIV seronegative vaccinee persistent HIV-specific vaccine-induced anti-Gag CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Although these responses exhibited those characteristics (multifunctionality, appropriate memory phenotype, and targeting of epitopes associated with long-term nonprogression) predicted to correlate with protection from infection, the subject became HIV infected. After HIV infection, the vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells expanded, but both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses acquired the functional and phenotypi2005-01-01T00:00:00Z2005 Mar2026-05-02T22:14:01.077Z2019-03-27T01:08:38ZS-EPMC5529731575328810.1073/pnas.0408773102