biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Mangas-Losada APeripheral inflammation acts synergistically with hyperammonemia in inducing neurological alterations in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). We hypothesized that appearance of MHE would be associated to some specific qualitative change in peripheral inflammation. The aim of this work was to characterize the changes in peripheral inflammation associated to appearance of MHE. We analyzed it by immunophenotyping and cytokine profile analysis, in cirrhotic patients without or with MHE and controls. The main alterations associated specifically with MHE are: 1) increased activation of all subtypes of CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes, with the increased expression of CD69; 2) increased amount of CD4⁺CD28^- T lymphocytes, associated with increased levelsScientific reports6683https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5532287biostudies-literatureMinimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with expansion and activation of CD⁴⁺CD28^-, Th22 and Tfh and B lymphocytes.PMC5532287Montoliu CUrios AMangas-Losada ASerra MATosca JEscudero-Garcia DGarcia-Garcia RFelipo VGiner-Duran RfalseMinimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with expansion and activation of CD⁴⁺CD28^-, Th22 and Tfh and B lymphocytes.Peripheral inflammation acts synergistically with hyperammonemia in inducing neurological alterations in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). We hypothesized that appearance of MHE would be associated to some specific qualitative change in peripheral inflammation. The aim of this work was to characterize the changes in peripheral inflammation associated to appearance of MHE. We analyzed it by immunophenotyping and cytokine profile analysis, in cirrhotic patients without or with MHE and controls. The main alterations associated specifically with MHE are: 1) increased activation of all subtypes of CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes, with the increased expression of CD69; 2) increased amount of CD4⁺CD28^- T lymphocytes, associated with increased levels2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017 Jul2025-05-29T19:16:26.607Z2025-05-29T19:16:26.607ZS-EPMC55322872875164410.1038/s41598-017-05938-1