biostudies-literatureUnknown91(21)Pitoiset FRetrovirus-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are particularly interesting vaccine platforms, as they trigger efficient humoral and cellular immune responses and can be used to display heterologous antigens. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic immunogenicity of VLPs and investigated their possible adjuvantization by incorporation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We designed a noncoding single-stranded RNA (ncRNA) that could be encapsidated by VLPs and induce TLR7/8 signaling. We found that VLPs efficiently induce in vitro dendritic cell activation, which can be improved by ncRNA encapsidation (ncRNAVLPs). Transcriptome studies of dendritic cells harvested from the spleens of immunized mice identified antigen presentation and immune activation as the main gene expression signJournal of virologye01230-17https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5640832biostudies-literatureRetrovirus-Based Virus-Like Particle Immunogenicity and Its Modulation by Toll-Like Receptor Activation.PMC5640832Derian NPitoiset FLevacher BVazquez TNehar-Belaid DVigneron JKlatzmann DBellier BfalseRetrovirus-Based Virus-Like Particle Immunogenicity and Its Modulation by Toll-Like Receptor Activation.Retrovirus-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) are particularly interesting vaccine platforms, as they trigger efficient humoral and cellular immune responses and can be used to display heterologous antigens. In this study, we characterized the intrinsic immunogenicity of VLPs and investigated their possible adjuvantization by incorporation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We designed a noncoding single-stranded RNA (ncRNA) that could be encapsidated by VLPs and induce TLR7/8 signaling. We found that VLPs efficiently induce in vitro dendritic cell activation, which can be improved by ncRNA encapsidation (ncRNAVLPs). Transcriptome studies of dendritic cells harvested from the spleens of immunized mice identified antigen presentation and immune activation as the main gene expression sign2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017 Nov2025-04-22T20:59:12.963Z2019-06-06T18:15:21ZS-EPMC56408322879402510.1128/jvi.01230-1710.1128/JVI.01230-17