biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Donati GThe uneven representation of frugivorous mammals and birds across tropical regions - high in the New World, low in Madagascar and intermediate in Africa and Asia - represents a long-standing enigma in ecology. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences but the ultimate drivers remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fruits in Madagascar contain insufficient nitrogen to meet primate metabolic requirements, thus constraining the evolution of frugivory. We performed a global analysis of nitrogen in fruits consumed by primates, as collated from 79 studies. Our results showed that average frugivory among lemur communities was lower compared to New World and Asian-African primate communities. Fruits in Madagascar contain lower average nitrogen than those in thScientific reports14406https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5663947biostudies-literatureLow Levels of Fruit Nitrogen as Drivers for the Evolution of Madagascar's Primate Communities.PMC5663947Santini LPolowinsky SYBoinski SKinnaird MFKoenig AOstner JMcLennan MRSchulke OArrigo-Nelson SJBridgeman LLNijman VBalestri MTalebi MGKowalewski MDonati GGanzhorn JUTomaschewski IVogel ERCampera MNekaris AKIStevenson PRLahann PNorscia IHohmann GTan CWright PCSchwitzer CBollen ADerby Lewis ACarrai VChalise MKEppley TMfalseLow Levels of Fruit Nitrogen as Drivers for the Evolution of Madagascar's Primate Communities.The uneven representation of frugivorous mammals and birds across tropical regions - high in the New World, low in Madagascar and intermediate in Africa and Asia - represents a long-standing enigma in ecology. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences but the ultimate drivers remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fruits in Madagascar contain insufficient nitrogen to meet primate metabolic requirements, thus constraining the evolution of frugivory. We performed a global analysis of nitrogen in fruits consumed by primates, as collated from 79 studies. Our results showed that average frugivory among lemur communities was lower compared to New World and Asian-African primate communities. Fruits in Madagascar contain lower average nitrogen than those in th2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017 Oct2025-04-20T03:34:18.067Z2019-03-27T03:00:29ZS-EPMC56639472908950410.1038/s41598-017-13906-y