biostudies-literatureJaquiery JSwiss National Science FoundationAgence Nationale de la Recherche507-520https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5798017biostudies-literatureUnknown10(2)The faster evolution of X chromosomes has been documented in several species, and results from the increased efficiency of selection on recessive alleles in hemizygous males and/or from increased drift due to the smaller effective population size of X chromosomes. Aphids are excellent models for evaluating the importance of selection in faster-X evolution because their peculiar life cycle and unusual inheritance of sex chromosomes should generally lead to equivalent effective population sizes for X and autosomes. Because we lack a high-density genetic map for the pea aphid, whose complete genome has been sequenced, we first assigned its entire genome to the X or autosomes based on ratios of sequencing depth in males (X0) to females (XX). Then, we computed nonsynonymous to synonymous substiGenome biology and evolutionDisentangling the Causes for Faster-X Evolution in Aphids.PMC5798017ANR-11-BSV7-005-01ANR-11-BSV7-007122658ANR-09-GENM-017-001Lemaitre CRispe CBrisson JALe Trionnaire GLegeai FPoulain JBattail CPurandare SJaquiery JGouin ANouhaud PBickel RPeccoud JOuisse TPrunier-Leterme NMieuzet LSimon JCfalseDisentangling the Causes for Faster-X Evolution in Aphids.The faster evolution of X chromosomes has been documented in several species, and results from the increased efficiency of selection on recessive alleles in hemizygous males and/or from increased drift due to the smaller effective population size of X chromosomes. Aphids are excellent models for evaluating the importance of selection in faster-X evolution because their peculiar life cycle and unusual inheritance of sex chromosomes should generally lead to equivalent effective population sizes for X and autosomes. Because we lack a high-density genetic map for the pea aphid, whose complete genome has been sequenced, we first assigned its entire genome to the X or autosomes based on ratios of sequencing depth in males (X0) to females (XX). Then, we computed nonsynonymous to synonymous substi2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Feb2026-04-07T16:50:47.665Z2019-03-26T23:01:09ZS-EPMC57980172936095910.1093/gbe/evy015