biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Lozovaya NWe report that half striatal cholinergic interneurons are dual transmitter cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons (CGINs) expressing ChAT, GAD65, Lhx7, and Lhx6 mRNAs, labeled with GAD and VGAT, generating monosynaptic dual cholinergic/GABAergic currents and an inhibitory pause response. Dopamine deprivation increases CGINs ongoing activity and abolishes GABAergic inhibition including the cortico-striatal pause because of high [Cl-]i levels. Dopamine deprivation also dramatically increases CGINs dendritic arbors and monosynaptic interconnections probability, suggesting the formation of a dense CGINs network. The NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide, which reduces [Cl-]i levels, restores GABAergic inhibition, the cortico-striatal pause-rebound response, and attenuates motor effectsNature communications1422https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5897332biostudies-literatureGABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease.PMC5897332Cloarec RRiffault BDufour ABurnashev NEftekhari SPons-Bennaceur ABen-Ari YOumar NHammond CBillon-Grand MGouty-Colomer LALozovaya NfalseGABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease.We report that half striatal cholinergic interneurons are dual transmitter cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons (CGINs) expressing ChAT, GAD65, Lhx7, and Lhx6 mRNAs, labeled with GAD and VGAT, generating monosynaptic dual cholinergic/GABAergic currents and an inhibitory pause response. Dopamine deprivation increases CGINs ongoing activity and abolishes GABAergic inhibition including the cortico-striatal pause because of high [Cl-]i levels. Dopamine deprivation also dramatically increases CGINs dendritic arbors and monosynaptic interconnections probability, suggesting the formation of a dense CGINs network. The NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide, which reduces [Cl-]i levels, restores GABAergic inhibition, the cortico-striatal pause-rebound response, and attenuates motor effects2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Apr2025-04-18T18:22:06.591Z2019-03-26T23:29:35ZS-EPMC58973322965104910.1038/s41467-018-03802-y