biostudies-literatureHill DANICHD NIH HHSHHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNIDDK NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHSHHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentE5096-E5105https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC5984532biostudies-literatureUnknown115(22)Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of macrophages in adipose, some of which form distinct crown-like structures (CLS) around fat cells. While multiple discrete adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) subsets are thought to exist, their respective effects on adipose tissue, and the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie the functional differences between ATM subsets, are not well understood. We report that obese fat tissue of mice and humans contain multiple distinct populations of ATMs with unique tissue distributions, transcriptomes, chromatin landscapes, and functions. Mouse Ly6c ATMs reside outside of CLS and are adipogenic, while CD9 ATMs reside within CLS, are lipid-laden, and are proinflammatory. Adoptive transfer of Ly6c ATMs into lean mice activates gene programs typical of normProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaDistinct macrophage populations direct inflammatory versus physiological changes in adipose tissue.PMC5984532T32 HD043021P30 MH097488P30 DK019525R01 DK049780DK49780R01 HL111501F30 DK112507Nelson VLKim JHill DAWon KJLazar MAKambayashi THo WYLim HWKim YHNguyen HCBVallabhajosyula PChegireddy KHabertheuer AFoong YHfalseDistinct macrophage populations direct inflammatory versus physiological changes in adipose tissue.Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of macrophages in adipose, some of which form distinct crown-like structures (CLS) around fat cells. While multiple discrete adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) subsets are thought to exist, their respective effects on adipose tissue, and the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie the functional differences between ATM subsets, are not well understood. We report that obese fat tissue of mice and humans contain multiple distinct populations of ATMs with unique tissue distributions, transcriptomes, chromatin landscapes, and functions. Mouse Ly6c ATMs reside outside of CLS and are adipogenic, while CD9 ATMs reside within CLS, are lipid-laden, and are proinflammatory. Adoptive transfer of Ly6c ATMs into lean mice activates gene programs typical of norm2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 May2026-04-30T17:38:17.595Z2019-03-27T00:09:29ZS-EPMC59845322976008410.1073/pnas.1802611115