biostudies-literatureRice GEEuropean Research CouncilLifelong Health and Wellbeing InitiativeMedical Research CouncilUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council3004-3016https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6041810biostudies-literatureUnknown28(8)One critical feature of any well-engineered system is its resilience to perturbation and minor damage. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how resilience is achieved in higher cognitive systems, which we explored through the domain of semantic cognition. Convergent evidence implicates the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) as a conceptual knowledge hub. While bilateral damage to this region produces profound semantic impairment, unilateral atrophy/resection or transient perturbation has a limited effect. Two neural mechanisms might underpin this resilience to unilateral ATL damage: 1) the undamaged ATL upregulates its activation in order to compensate; and/or 2) prefrontal regions involved in control of semantic retrieval upregulate to compensate for the impoverished Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)Revealing the Dynamic Modulations That Underpin a Resilient Neural Network for Semantic Cognition: An fMRI Investigation in Patients With Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection.PMC60418101237034MR/R023883/1670428MC_UU_00005/18MR/K026992/1MR/J004146/1Caswell HLambon Ralph MARice GEHoffman PMoore PfalseRevealing the Dynamic Modulations That Underpin a Resilient Neural Network for Semantic Cognition: An fMRI Investigation in Patients With Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection.One critical feature of any well-engineered system is its resilience to perturbation and minor damage. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how resilience is achieved in higher cognitive systems, which we explored through the domain of semantic cognition. Convergent evidence implicates the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) as a conceptual knowledge hub. While bilateral damage to this region produces profound semantic impairment, unilateral atrophy/resection or transient perturbation has a limited effect. Two neural mechanisms might underpin this resilience to unilateral ATL damage: 1) the undamaged ATL upregulates its activation in order to compensate; and/or 2) prefrontal regions involved in control of semantic retrieval upregulate to compensate for the impoverished 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Aug2025-04-04T18:41:34.417Z2019-03-26T23:46:39ZS-EPMC60418102987807610.1093/cercor/bhy116