biostudies-literatureUnknown5(6)Ji XThe role of ambient air pollution is considered to be important in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common clinical manifestation of COPD. However, many studies have mainly focused on the adverse health effects of a single air pollutant, ignoring the combined toxicity of multiple pollutants. In the present study, we co-exposed mice to coal-burning air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂ and PM_2.5), and confirmed PH-like injury occurrence by airflow limitation, marked abnormal endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, and histopathological and ultrastructural alteration. Global microRNA (miRNA) arrays identified three significantly changed miRNAs homologous with humans (Toxicology research1548-1560https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6062392biostudies-literatureMicroRNA-338-5p modulates pulmonary hypertension-like injuries caused by SO₂, NO₂ and PM_2.5 co-exposure through targeting the HIF-1α/Fhl-1 pathway.PMC6062392Li GJi XZhang YYun YSang NKu TfalseMicroRNA-338-5p modulates pulmonary hypertension-like injuries caused by SO₂, NO₂ and PM_2.5 co-exposure through targeting the HIF-1α/Fhl-1 pathway.The role of ambient air pollution is considered to be important in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common clinical manifestation of COPD. However, many studies have mainly focused on the adverse health effects of a single air pollutant, ignoring the combined toxicity of multiple pollutants. In the present study, we co-exposed mice to coal-burning air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂ and PM_2.5), and confirmed PH-like injury occurrence by airflow limitation, marked abnormal endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, and histopathological and ultrastructural alteration. Global microRNA (miRNA) arrays identified three significantly changed miRNAs homologous with humans (2016-01-01T00:00:00Z2016 Nov2025-04-04T09:46:40.244Z2019-03-26T23:50:41ZS-EPMC60623923009045610.1039/c6tx00257a