{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":{"citationCount":0,"reanalysisCount":0,"viewCount":68,"searchCount":0},"additional":{"submitter":["da Silva ICM"],"funding":["Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation","Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva","UNICEF","Wellcome Trust"],"pagination":["254-258"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6084584"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["148(2)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Global stunting prevalence has been nearly halved between 1990 and 2016, but it remains unclear whether this decline has benefited poor and rural populations within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<h4>Objective</h4>We assessed time trends in stunting among children <5 y of age (under-5) according to household wealth and place of residence in 67 LMICs.<h4>Methods</h4>Stunting prevalence was analyzed in 217 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 67 countries with ≥2 surveys between 1993 and 2014. National estimates were stratified by wealth and area of residence, comparing the poorest 40% with the wealthiest 60%, and those residing in urban and rural areas. Time trends were calculated for LMICs by using multilevel regression models weighted by under-5 population, with stratification by wealth and by residence. Trends in absolute (slope index of inequality; SII) and relative (concentration index; CIX) inequalities were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>Mean prevalences in 1993 were 53.7% in low-income and 48.2% in middle-income countries, with annual average linear declines of 0.76 and 0.72 percentage points (pp), respectively. Although similar slopes of declines were observed for the poorest 40% and wealthiest 60% groups in all countries (0.78 and 0.74 pp, respectively), absolute and relative inequalities increased over time in low-income countries (SII increased from -19.3% in 1993 to -23.7% in 2014 and CIX increased from -6.2% to -10.8% in the same period). In middle-income countries, socioeconomic inequalities remained stable. Overall, stunting prevalence decreased more rapidly among rural than for urban children (0.78 and 0.55 pp, respectively).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of stunting is decreasing. Poor-rich gaps are stable in middle-income countries and slightly increasing in low-income countries. Rural-urban inequalities are decreasing over time."],"journal":["The Journal of nutrition"],"pubmed_title":["Socioeconomic Inequalities Persist Despite Declining Stunting Prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries."],"pmcid":["PMC6084584"],"funding_grant_id":["OPP1135522","101815/Z/13/Z"],"pubmed_authors":["Krasevec J","Franca GV","da Silva ICM","Barros AJD","Amouzou A","Victora CG"],"view_count":["68"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Socioeconomic Inequalities Persist Despite Declining Stunting Prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Global stunting prevalence has been nearly halved between 1990 and 2016, but it remains unclear whether this decline has benefited poor and rural populations within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<h4>Objective</h4>We assessed time trends in stunting among children <5 y of age (under-5) according to household wealth and place of residence in 67 LMICs.<h4>Methods</h4>Stunting prevalence was analyzed in 217 nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 67 countries with ≥2 surveys between 1993 and 2014. National estimates were stratified by wealth and area of residence, comparing the poorest 40% with the wealthiest 60%, and those residing in urban and rural areas. Time trends were calculated for LMICs by using multilevel regression models weighted by under-5 population, with stratification by wealth and by residence. Trends in absolute (slope index of inequality; SII) and relative (concentration index; CIX) inequalities were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>Mean prevalences in 1993 were 53.7% in low-income and 48.2% in middle-income countries, with annual average linear declines of 0.76 and 0.72 percentage points (pp), respectively. Although similar slopes of declines were observed for the poorest 40% and wealthiest 60% groups in all countries (0.78 and 0.74 pp, respectively), absolute and relative inequalities increased over time in low-income countries (SII increased from -19.3% in 1993 to -23.7% in 2014 and CIX increased from -6.2% to -10.8% in the same period). In middle-income countries, socioeconomic inequalities remained stable. Overall, stunting prevalence decreased more rapidly among rural than for urban children (0.78 and 0.55 pp, respectively).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of stunting is decreasing. Poor-rich gaps are stable in middle-income countries and slightly increasing in low-income countries. Rural-urban inequalities are decreasing over time.","dates":{"release":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2018 Feb","modification":"2024-11-20T20:39:46.934Z","creation":"2019-03-27T00:11:25Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC6084584","cross_references":{"pubmed":["29490104"],"doi":["10.1093/jn/nxx050"]}}