biostudies-literatureUnknown16(9)Zhao MTranscription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates cellular responses to environmental cues. Many stimuli induce NF-κB transiently, making time-dependent transcriptional outputs a fundamental feature of NF-κB activation. Here we show that NF-κB target genes have distinct kinetic patterns in activated B lymphoma cells. By combining RELA binding, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and perturbation of NF-κB activation, we demonstrate that kinetic differences amongst early- and late-activated RELA target genes can be understood based on chromatin configuration prior to cell activation and RELA-dependent priming, respectively. We also identified genes that were repressed by RELA activation and others that responded to RELA-activated transcription factors. Cumulatively, our studiPLoS biologye2006347https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6147668biostudies-literatureTranscriptional outcomes and kinetic patterning of gene expression in response to NF-κB activation.PMC6147668Zhao MDe SJi HWood WHJoy JZhou WBecker KGSen RfalseTranscriptional outcomes and kinetic patterning of gene expression in response to NF-κB activation.Transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates cellular responses to environmental cues. Many stimuli induce NF-κB transiently, making time-dependent transcriptional outputs a fundamental feature of NF-κB activation. Here we show that NF-κB target genes have distinct kinetic patterns in activated B lymphoma cells. By combining RELA binding, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and perturbation of NF-κB activation, we demonstrate that kinetic differences amongst early- and late-activated RELA target genes can be understood based on chromatin configuration prior to cell activation and RELA-dependent priming, respectively. We also identified genes that were repressed by RELA activation and others that responded to RELA-activated transcription factors. Cumulatively, our studi2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Sep2026-05-01T18:23:57.381Z2019-03-27T00:01:49ZS-EPMC61476683019953210.1371/journal.pbio.2006347