biostudies-literatureUnknown22(3)Michel PThe phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 ± 10.38 ?g/mL and 899.97 ± 31.17 ?g/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 ± 16.12 ?g/mL and 738.49 ± 15.92 ?g/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 ± 14.72 ?g/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 ± 3.71 ?g/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36-5.87 mg/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14-1.26 mg/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6155426biostudies-literatureMetabolite Profiling of Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Lipophilic Leaf Extracts with Hyaluronidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity.PMC6155426Matczak MKilanowicz AWesolowski WOlszewska MAOwczarek AMikiciuk-Olasik EKosno MMichel PSzymanski PfalseMetabolite Profiling of Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Lipophilic Leaf Extracts with Hyaluronidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity.The phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 ± 10.38 ?g/mL and 899.97 ± 31.17 ?g/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 ± 16.12 ?g/mL and 738.49 ± 15.92 ?g/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 ± 14.72 ?g/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 ± 3.71 ?g/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36-5.87 mg/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14-1.26 mg/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting.2017-01-01T00:00:00Z2017 Mar2021-02-21T06:17:06Z2019-03-27T00:06:47ZS-EPMC61554262827232110.3390/molecules22030412