biostudies-literatureYang JNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)4033https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6168489biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Thermal radiation can be substantially enhanced in the near-field scenario due to the tunneling of evanescent waves. Monolayer graphene could play a vital role in this process owing to its strong infrared plasmonic response, however, which still lacks an experimental verification due to the technical challenges. Here, we manage to make a direct measurement about plasmon-mediated thermal radiation between two macroscopic graphene sheets using a custom-made setup. Super-Planckian radiation with efficiency 4.5 times larger than the blackbody limit is observed at a 430-nm vacuum gap on insulating silicon hosting substrates. The positive role of graphene plasmons is further confirmed on conductive silicon substrates which have strong infrared loss and thermal emittance. Based on these, a thermoNature communicationsObserving of the super-Planckian near-field thermal radiation between graphene sheets.PMC616848961775195Yang JHe SGong SDu WFu YMa YSu YfalseObserving of the super-Planckian near-field thermal radiation between graphene sheets.Thermal radiation can be substantially enhanced in the near-field scenario due to the tunneling of evanescent waves. Monolayer graphene could play a vital role in this process owing to its strong infrared plasmonic response, however, which still lacks an experimental verification due to the technical challenges. Here, we manage to make a direct measurement about plasmon-mediated thermal radiation between two macroscopic graphene sheets using a custom-made setup. Super-Planckian radiation with efficiency 4.5 times larger than the blackbody limit is observed at a 430-nm vacuum gap on insulating silicon hosting substrates. The positive role of graphene plasmons is further confirmed on conductive silicon substrates which have strong infrared loss and thermal emittance. Based on these, a thermo2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Oct2026-05-05T23:16:31.658Z2019-03-26T23:58:38ZS-EPMC61684893027941110.1038/s41467-018-06163-8