biostudies-literaturePerez-Moral NPepsiCoInnovate UKNewcastle UniversityBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilQuadram Institute Bioscience410-419https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6189524biostudies-literatureUnknown48The aim was to incorporate vegetables containing the phytochemicals quercetin, apigenin, glucoraphanin and carotenoids into a processed potato-based snack and assess their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Three different processing routes were tested for incorporation and retention of phytochemicals in snacks using individually quick frozen or freeze-dried vegetables. No significant differences in the uptake or transport of quercetin or apigenin between a vegetable mix or snacks were observed using the CaCo-2 transwell model. Simulated <i>in vitro</i> digestions predicted a substantial release of quercetin and apigenin, some release of glucoraphanin but none for carotenes from either the snack or equivalent steamed vegetables. In humans, there were no significant differences in the biJournal of functional foodsComparative bio-accessibility, bioavailability and bioequivalence of quercetin, apigenin, glucoraphanin and carotenoids from freeze-dried vegetables incorporated into a baked snack versus minimally processed vegetables: Evidence from <i>in vitro</i> models and a human bioavailability study.PMC6189524101120BBS/E/F/000PR10346BBS/E/F/000PR10343BBS/E/F/00044434Bows Jvan der Velpen VWinterbone MSSaha SPhilo MPerez-Moral NHart DJCurtis PJKroon PAHollands WJSpurr MfalseComparative bio-accessibility, bioavailability and bioequivalence of quercetin, apigenin, glucoraphanin and carotenoids from freeze-dried vegetables incorporated into a baked snack versus minimally processed vegetables: Evidence from <i>in vitro</i> models and a human bioavailability study.The aim was to incorporate vegetables containing the phytochemicals quercetin, apigenin, glucoraphanin and carotenoids into a processed potato-based snack and assess their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Three different processing routes were tested for incorporation and retention of phytochemicals in snacks using individually quick frozen or freeze-dried vegetables. No significant differences in the uptake or transport of quercetin or apigenin between a vegetable mix or snacks were observed using the CaCo-2 transwell model. Simulated <i>in vitro</i> digestions predicted a substantial release of quercetin and apigenin, some release of glucoraphanin but none for carotenes from either the snack or equivalent steamed vegetables. In humans, there were no significant differences in the bi2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Sep2026-06-07T07:51:45.714Z2026-06-07T03:12:13.564ZS-EPMC61895243034464910.1016/j.jff.2018.07.035