biostudies-literatureWang JNIAID NIH HHSNHGRI NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical SciencesWellcome TrustNIGMS NIH HHSNational Science Foundation16177https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6212499biostudies-literatureUnknown8(1)Protein arginylation mediated by arginyltransferase ATE1 is a key regulatory process essential for mammalian embryogenesis, cell migration, and protein regulation. Despite decades of studies, very little is known about the specificity of ATE1-mediated target site recognition. Here, we used in vitro assays and computational analysis to dissect target site specificity of mouse arginyltransferases and gain insights into the complexity of the mammalian arginylome. We found that the four ATE1 isoforms have different, only partially overlapping target site specificity that includes more variability in the target residues than previously believed. Based on all the available data, we generated an algorithm for identifying potential arginylation consensus motif and used this algorithm for global prScientific reportsTarget site specificity and in vivo complexity of the mammalian arginylome.PMC6212499R01 GM104003DBI-1458477R01 GM108744R35GM122505R01GM108744R35 GM122505R01GM104003U41 HG007234R01 AI118891R01 GM110174Dann GPWolf MYHuang YRadivojac PGarcia BAKashina AWang JKellis MPejaver VRfalseTarget site specificity and in vivo complexity of the mammalian arginylome.Protein arginylation mediated by arginyltransferase ATE1 is a key regulatory process essential for mammalian embryogenesis, cell migration, and protein regulation. Despite decades of studies, very little is known about the specificity of ATE1-mediated target site recognition. Here, we used in vitro assays and computational analysis to dissect target site specificity of mouse arginyltransferases and gain insights into the complexity of the mammalian arginylome. We found that the four ATE1 isoforms have different, only partially overlapping target site specificity that includes more variability in the target residues than previously believed. Based on all the available data, we generated an algorithm for identifying potential arginylation consensus motif and used this algorithm for global pr2018-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Nov2025-04-04T21:37:38.931Z2019-03-27T00:06:10ZS-EPMC62124993038579810.1038/s41598-018-34639-6