biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Wang XMicroRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via either translational repression or mRNA degradation. They have important roles in both viral infection and host anti-infection processes. We discovered that the miR-375 is significantly upregulated in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken embryonic visceral tissues using a small RNA sequencing approach. Further research revealed that the overexpression of miR-375 markedly decreases the replication of the velogenic NDV F48E9 and the lentogenic NDV La Sota by targeting the M gene of NDV in DF-1 cells. Interestingly, miR-375 has another target, ELAVL4, which regulates chicken fibrocyte cell cycle progression and decreases NDV proliferation. In addition, miR-375 can influence bystander cells by its secretion in culture mediumInternational journal of biological sciences44-57https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6329920biostudies-literatureMiR-375 Has Contrasting Effects on Newcastle Disease Virus Growth Depending on the Target Gene.PMC6329920Li XHan QYang ZWang CJia YLv CWang XChu ZZhang SXiao SfalseMiR-375 Has Contrasting Effects on Newcastle Disease Virus Growth Depending on the Target Gene.MicroRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via either translational repression or mRNA degradation. They have important roles in both viral infection and host anti-infection processes. We discovered that the miR-375 is significantly upregulated in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken embryonic visceral tissues using a small RNA sequencing approach. Further research revealed that the overexpression of miR-375 markedly decreases the replication of the velogenic NDV F48E9 and the lentogenic NDV La Sota by targeting the M gene of NDV in DF-1 cells. Interestingly, miR-375 has another target, ELAVL4, which regulates chicken fibrocyte cell cycle progression and decreases NDV proliferation. In addition, miR-375 can influence bystander cells by its secretion in culture medium2019-01-01T00:00:00Z20192026-05-06T21:04:19.763Z2019-03-26T22:37:53ZS-EPMC63299203066234610.7150/ijbs.25106