biostudies-literatureUnknown9Muhammad JDefense Threat Reduction AgencyTularemia is an endemic zoonotic disease in many parts of the world including Asia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine genome-based prevalence of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> (<i>Ft</i>) in soil, assess an association between its occurrence in soil and likely predictors i.e., macro and micro-nutrients and several categorical variables, and determine seroconversion in small and large ruminants. The study included a total of 2,280 soil samples representing 456 villages in eight districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan followed by an analysis of serum antibodies in 707 ruminants. The genome of <i>Ft</i> was detected in 3.25% (<i>n</i> = 74, 95% CI: 2.60-4.06) of soil samples. Soluble salts (OR: 1.276, 95% CI: 1.043-1.562, <i>p</i> = 0.015), Ni (OR: 2.910, 95%CI: 0.795-10.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology89https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6460113biostudies-literatureCross Sectional Study and Risk Factors Analysis of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> in Soil Samples in Punjab Province of Pakistan.PMC6460113Haisem-Ur-Rasool MNisar MUl Hassnain ZAbbas TJamil TChaudhry HRMuhammad JMuhammad KJayarao BMShabbir MZKirimanjeswara GSChaudhry MHAli MAGhori MTRabbani MfalseCross Sectional Study and Risk Factors Analysis of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> in Soil Samples in Punjab Province of Pakistan.Tularemia is an endemic zoonotic disease in many parts of the world including Asia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine genome-based prevalence of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> (<i>Ft</i>) in soil, assess an association between its occurrence in soil and likely predictors i.e., macro and micro-nutrients and several categorical variables, and determine seroconversion in small and large ruminants. The study included a total of 2,280 soil samples representing 456 villages in eight districts of the Punjab Province of Pakistan followed by an analysis of serum antibodies in 707 ruminants. The genome of <i>Ft</i> was detected in 3.25% (<i>n</i> = 74, 95% CI: 2.60-4.06) of soil samples. Soluble salts (OR: 1.276, 95% CI: 1.043-1.562, <i>p</i> = 0.015), Ni (OR: 2.910, 95%CI: 0.795-10.2019-01-01T00:00:00Z20192025-06-01T03:57:37.262Z2025-06-01T03:57:37.262ZS-EPMC64601133102486010.3389/fcimb.2019.00089