{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Hsu KJ"],"funding":["Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"pagination":["1627-1637"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6484994"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["10(4)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<i>Drosophila</i> is widely used in connectome studies due to its small brain size, sophisticated genetic tools, and the most complete single-neuron-based anatomical brain map. Surprisingly, even the brain thickness is only 200-μm, common Ti:sapphire-based two-photon excitation cannot penetrate, possibly due to light aberration/scattering of trachea. Here we quantitatively characterized scattering and light distortion of trachea-filled tissues, and found that trachea-induced light distortion dominates at long wavelength by comparing one-photon (488-nm), two-photon (920-nm), and three-photon (1300-nm) excitations. Whole-<i>Drosophila</i>-brain imaging is achieved by reducing tracheal light aberration/scattering via brain-degassing or long-wavelength excitation at 1300-nm. Our work paves the way toward constructing whole-brain connectome in a living <i>Drosophila</i>."],"journal":["Biomedical optics express"],"pubmed_title":["Optical properties of adult <i>Drosophila</i> brains in one-, two-, and three-photon microscopy."],"pmcid":["PMC6484994"],"funding_grant_id":["MOST 104-2218-E-007-022-MY2","MOST-105-2628-M-002-010-MY4","MOST-107-2321-B-002-009"],"pubmed_authors":["Hsu KJ","Lin YY","Chu SW","Chiang AS"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Optical properties of adult <i>Drosophila</i> brains in one-, two-, and three-photon microscopy.","description":"<i>Drosophila</i> is widely used in connectome studies due to its small brain size, sophisticated genetic tools, and the most complete single-neuron-based anatomical brain map. Surprisingly, even the brain thickness is only 200-μm, common Ti:sapphire-based two-photon excitation cannot penetrate, possibly due to light aberration/scattering of trachea. Here we quantitatively characterized scattering and light distortion of trachea-filled tissues, and found that trachea-induced light distortion dominates at long wavelength by comparing one-photon (488-nm), two-photon (920-nm), and three-photon (1300-nm) excitations. Whole-<i>Drosophila</i>-brain imaging is achieved by reducing tracheal light aberration/scattering via brain-degassing or long-wavelength excitation at 1300-nm. Our work paves the way toward constructing whole-brain connectome in a living <i>Drosophila</i>.","dates":{"release":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2019 Apr","modification":"2026-07-12T03:24:01.4Z","creation":"2026-07-12T03:13:15.209Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC6484994","cross_references":{"pubmed":["31086697"],"doi":["10.1364/BOE.10.001627","10.1364/boe.10.001627"]}}