biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Koller AThe regulatory peptide galanin is broadly distributed in the central- and peripheral nervous systems as well as in non-neuronal tissues, where it exerts its diverse physiological functions via three G-protein-coupled receptors (GAL_1-3-R). Regulatory peptides are important mediators of the cross-communication between the nervous- and immune systems and have emerged as a focus of new therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Studies on inflammatory animal models and immune cells revealed both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of galanin. Here, we probed specific immune-related functions of the galanin system and found galanin and GAL₁-R and GAL₂-R mRNA to be expressed in a range of human immune cells. In particular, macrophages displayed differeScientific reports7237https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6510899biostudies-literatureGalanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages.PMC6510899Brunner SMEmberger MSternberg FKofler BRamspacher ASchlager SKoller ABianchini RfalseGalanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages.The regulatory peptide galanin is broadly distributed in the central- and peripheral nervous systems as well as in non-neuronal tissues, where it exerts its diverse physiological functions via three G-protein-coupled receptors (GAL_1-3-R). Regulatory peptides are important mediators of the cross-communication between the nervous- and immune systems and have emerged as a focus of new therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Studies on inflammatory animal models and immune cells revealed both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of galanin. Here, we probed specific immune-related functions of the galanin system and found galanin and GAL₁-R and GAL₂-R mRNA to be expressed in a range of human immune cells. In particular, macrophages displayed differe2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 May2025-04-29T11:12:52.177Z2019-06-06T23:13:36ZS-EPMC65108993107661310.1038/s41598-019-43704-7