biostudies-literaturePiard CNIBIB NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthU.S. National Institutes of HealthNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering119423https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6745276biostudies-literatureUnknown222Vascularization is a crucial process during the growth and development of bone ¹, yet it remains one of the main challenges in the reconstruction of large bone defects. The use of in vitro coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has been one of the most explored options. Both cell types secrete specific growth factors that are mutually beneficial, and studies suggested that cell-cell communication and paracrine secretion could be affected by a number of factors. However, little is known about the effect of cell patterning and the distance between cell populations on their crosstalk. In the present study, we showed that the separation and distance between ECs and MSCs populations affects angiogenesis by modulating cellBiomaterials3D printed HUVECs/MSCs cocultures impact cellular interactions and angiogenesis depending on cell-cell distance.PMC6745276P41 EB023833R01 EB014946Liu YPiard CJeyaram AFisher JChen YCaccamese JJay SMfalse3D printed HUVECs/MSCs cocultures impact cellular interactions and angiogenesis depending on cell-cell distance.Vascularization is a crucial process during the growth and development of bone ¹, yet it remains one of the main challenges in the reconstruction of large bone defects. The use of in vitro coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has been one of the most explored options. Both cell types secrete specific growth factors that are mutually beneficial, and studies suggested that cell-cell communication and paracrine secretion could be affected by a number of factors. However, little is known about the effect of cell patterning and the distance between cell populations on their crosstalk. In the present study, we showed that the separation and distance between ECs and MSCs populations affects angiogenesis by modulating cell2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 Nov2025-04-22T14:16:25.485Z2020-11-03T08:03:54ZS-EPMC67452763144288510.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119423