biostudies-literatureBojang ADFIDDepartment of Microbiology &amp; ImmunologyDoherty Applied Microbial GenomicsUK MRCMRC/DFIDUniversity of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection &amp; ImmunityT. P. S.EDCTP2 programmeB. P. H.National Health and Medical Research Council of AustraliaEuropean UnionUK Department for International DevelopmentMedical Research Council3170-3178https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6798832biostudies-literatureUnknown74(11)<h4>Background</h4>Oral azithromycin given during labour reduces carriage of bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, there is concern that this may promote drug resistance.<h4>Objectives</h4>Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data on S. aureus isolated from mothers and babies in a randomized intra-partum azithromycin trial (PregnAnZI) to describe bacterial population dynamics and resistance mechanisms.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants from both arms of the trial, who carried S. aureus in day 3 and day 28 samples post-intervention, were included. Sixty-six S. aureus isolates (from 7 mothers and 10 babies) underwent comparative genome analyses and the data were then combined with epidemiological data. Trial registration (main trial): ClinicalTThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapyGenomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from Gambian women and newborns following an oral dose of intra-partum azithromycin.PMC6798832MR/R010161/1GNT1008549GNT1105905Goncalves da Silva ARoca AGuerillot RStevens KDonovan LBojang AStinear TPSecka OBottomley CBaines SLHiggs CHowden BPSeemann TSchultz MBfalseGenomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from Gambian women and newborns following an oral dose of intra-partum azithromycin.<h4>Background</h4>Oral azithromycin given during labour reduces carriage of bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, there is concern that this may promote drug resistance.<h4>Objectives</h4>Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data on S. aureus isolated from mothers and babies in a randomized intra-partum azithromycin trial (PregnAnZI) to describe bacterial population dynamics and resistance mechanisms.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants from both arms of the trial, who carried S. aureus in day 3 and day 28 samples post-intervention, were included. Sixty-six S. aureus isolates (from 7 mothers and 10 babies) underwent comparative genome analyses and the data were then combined with epidemiological data. Trial registration (main trial): ClinicalT2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 Nov2026-04-08T02:08:19.04Z2019-11-07T08:04:58ZS-EPMC67988323142455010.1093/jac/dkz341