biostudies-literatureHinks TSCNational Health and Medical Research Council of AustraliaARCNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Oxford Martin SchoolWellcome Trust3249-3262.e5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6859474biostudies-literatureUnknown28(12)Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells conserved across mammalian species, including mice and humans. By sequencing RNA from sorted MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer⁺ cells derived from either human blood or murine lungs, we define the basic transcriptome of an activated MAIT cell in both species and demonstrate how this profile changes during the resolution of infection and during reinfection. We observe strong similarities between MAIT cells in humans and mice. In both species, activation leads to strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as a strong tissue repair signature, recently described in murine commensal-specific H2-M3-restricted T cells. Transcriptomes of MAIT cells and H2-M3-specific CD8+ T cells displayed Cell reportsActivation and In Vivo Evolution of the MAIT Cell Transcriptome in Mice and Humans Reveals Tissue Repair Functionality.PMC6859474104553/z/14/zWT109965MA211050/Z/18/zSenior Fellowship11204671113293109965/Z/15/Z60678810166291071916NF-SI-0515-10005Pediongco TJMarchi EMeehan BSMcCluskey JOlshansky MTurner SJKurioka AChen ZHinks TSCKostenko LKlenerman PJabeen MCorbett AJfalseActivation and In Vivo Evolution of the MAIT Cell Transcriptome in Mice and Humans Reveals Tissue Repair Functionality.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells conserved across mammalian species, including mice and humans. By sequencing RNA from sorted MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer⁺ cells derived from either human blood or murine lungs, we define the basic transcriptome of an activated MAIT cell in both species and demonstrate how this profile changes during the resolution of infection and during reinfection. We observe strong similarities between MAIT cells in humans and mice. In both species, activation leads to strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as a strong tissue repair signature, recently described in murine commensal-specific H2-M3-restricted T cells. Transcriptomes of MAIT cells and H2-M3-specific CD8+ T cells displayed 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 Sep2026-04-18T15:09:18.775Z2020-05-21T19:46:51ZS-EPMC68594743153304510.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.039