biostudies-literatureChen QNational Natural Science Foundation of China786-795https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6889176biostudies-literatureUnknown121(9)<h4>Background</h4>The progression and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly dependent on the tumour microenvironment. Most tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are M2 phenotype macrophages, which normally show anti-inflammatory functions in numerous disorders. Previously, we found that alternatively activated macrophages showed pro-inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation with hepatoma cell-derived debris; however, the molecular mechanism was unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism. Using pancreatic cancer cell lines, mouse models and human tissues, we obtained a general picture of tumour cell-derived debris promoting metastasis of pancreatic cancer by inducing inflammation via TAMs.<h4>ReBritish journal of cancerTumour cell-derived debris and IgG synergistically promote metastasis of pancreatic cancer by inducing inflammation via tumour-associated macrophages.PMC6889176815300792015AA020405Fu QLiang TChen QYang JZhang JLou YWang JBai XZhang QYe MWei TZhang XChen YDang XfalseTumour cell-derived debris and IgG synergistically promote metastasis of pancreatic cancer by inducing inflammation via tumour-associated macrophages.<h4>Background</h4>The progression and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly dependent on the tumour microenvironment. Most tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are M2 phenotype macrophages, which normally show anti-inflammatory functions in numerous disorders. Previously, we found that alternatively activated macrophages showed pro-inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation with hepatoma cell-derived debris; however, the molecular mechanism was unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism. Using pancreatic cancer cell lines, mouse models and human tissues, we obtained a general picture of tumour cell-derived debris promoting metastasis of pancreatic cancer by inducing inflammation via TAMs.<h4>Re2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2019 Oct2025-04-18T23:42:40.904Z2020-05-21T20:33:03ZS-EPMC68891763158812210.1038/s41416-019-0595-2