{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":{"citationCount":0,"reanalysisCount":0,"viewCount":363,"searchCount":0},"additional":{"submitter":["Samara A"],"funding":["NICHD NIH HHS","NCATS NIH HHS","NIDDK NIH HHS","NIDA NIH HHS","NCRR NIH HHS","NHLBI NIH HHS","NINR NIH HHS"],"pagination":["464"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC6971102"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["13"],"pubmed_abstract":["Human obesity is associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, alterations in brain structure and function, and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity show that high-calorie diets cause brain inflammation (neuroinflammation) in multiple regions, including the hippocampus, and impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. To determine if similar effects exist in humans with obesity, we applied Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) to evaluate neuroinflammation and axonal integrity. We examined diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in two independent cohorts of obese and non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: 25 obese/21 non-obese; Cohort 2: 18 obese/41 non-obese). We applied Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to allow whole-brain white matter (WM) analyses and compare DBSI-derived isotropic and anisotropic diffusion measures between the obese and non-obese groups. In both cohorts, the obese group had significantly greater DBSI-derived restricted fraction (DBSI-RF; an indicator of neuroinflammation-related cellularity), and significantly lower DBSI-derived fiber fraction (DBSI-FF; an indicator of apparent axonal density) in several WM tracts (all corrected p < 0.05). Moreover, using region of interest analyses, average DBSI-RF and DBSI-FF values in the hippocampus were significantly greater and lower, respectively, in obese relative to non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: p = 0.045; Cohort 2: p = 0.008). Hippocampal DBSI-FF and DBSI-RF and amygdalar DBSI-FF metrics related to cognitive performance in Cohort 2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that greater neuroinflammation-related cellularity and lower apparent axonal density are associated with human obesity and cognitive performance. Future studies are warranted to determine a potential role for neuroinflammation in obesity-related cognitive impairment."],"journal":["Frontiers in human neuroscience"],"pubmed_title":["Neuroinflammation and White Matter Alterations in Obesity Assessed by Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging."],"pmcid":["PMC6971102"],"funding_grant_id":["R01 DK085575","UL1 TR002345","U54 HD087011","UL1 RR024992","P30 DK020579","R01 NR015738","T32 DA007261","T32 HL007456","P30 DK056341"],"pubmed_authors":["Hershey T","Sreevalsan N","Rutlin J","Sun P","Eisenstein SA","Shimony JS","Samara A","Strain J","Ances BM","Murphy T","Neyman O","Song SK"],"view_count":["363"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Neuroinflammation and White Matter Alterations in Obesity Assessed by Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging.","description":"Human obesity is associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, alterations in brain structure and function, and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity show that high-calorie diets cause brain inflammation (neuroinflammation) in multiple regions, including the hippocampus, and impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. To determine if similar effects exist in humans with obesity, we applied Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) to evaluate neuroinflammation and axonal integrity. We examined diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in two independent cohorts of obese and non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: 25 obese/21 non-obese; Cohort 2: 18 obese/41 non-obese). We applied Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to allow whole-brain white matter (WM) analyses and compare DBSI-derived isotropic and anisotropic diffusion measures between the obese and non-obese groups. In both cohorts, the obese group had significantly greater DBSI-derived restricted fraction (DBSI-RF; an indicator of neuroinflammation-related cellularity), and significantly lower DBSI-derived fiber fraction (DBSI-FF; an indicator of apparent axonal density) in several WM tracts (all corrected p < 0.05). Moreover, using region of interest analyses, average DBSI-RF and DBSI-FF values in the hippocampus were significantly greater and lower, respectively, in obese relative to non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: p = 0.045; Cohort 2: p = 0.008). Hippocampal DBSI-FF and DBSI-RF and amygdalar DBSI-FF metrics related to cognitive performance in Cohort 2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that greater neuroinflammation-related cellularity and lower apparent axonal density are associated with human obesity and cognitive performance. Future studies are warranted to determine a potential role for neuroinflammation in obesity-related cognitive impairment.","dates":{"release":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2019","modification":"2021-02-20T11:43:01Z","creation":"2020-05-22T08:52:51Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC6971102","cross_references":{"pubmed":["31992978"],"doi":["10.3389/fnhum.2019.00464"]}}