biostudies-literatureBrown EBNIGMS NIH HHS1283-1296https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7144070biostudies-literatureUnknown10(4)The detection, discrimination, and behavioral responses to chemical cues in the environment can have marked effects on organismal survival and reproduction, eliciting attractive or aversive behavior. To gain insight into mechanisms mediating this hedonic valence, we applied thirty generations of divergent artificial selection for <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> olfactory behavior. We independently selected for positive and negative behavioral responses to two ecologically relevant chemical compounds: 2,3-butanedione and cyclohexanone. We also tested the correlated responses to selection by testing behavioral responses to other odorants and life history traits. Measurements of behavioral responses of the selected lines and unselected controls to additional odorants showed that the mechanismsG3 (Bethesda, Md.)Behavioral and Transcriptional Response to Selection for Olfactory Behavior in <i>Drosophila</i>.PMC7144070R01 GM080592Brown EBLayne JEElchert ARRollmann SMfalseBehavioral and Transcriptional Response to Selection for Olfactory Behavior in <i>Drosophila</i>.The detection, discrimination, and behavioral responses to chemical cues in the environment can have marked effects on organismal survival and reproduction, eliciting attractive or aversive behavior. To gain insight into mechanisms mediating this hedonic valence, we applied thirty generations of divergent artificial selection for <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> olfactory behavior. We independently selected for positive and negative behavioral responses to two ecologically relevant chemical compounds: 2,3-butanedione and cyclohexanone. We also tested the correlated responses to selection by testing behavioral responses to other odorants and life history traits. Measurements of behavioral responses of the selected lines and unselected controls to additional odorants showed that the mechanisms2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Apr2025-04-22T21:41:35.357Z2020-05-22T17:09:53ZS-EPMC71440703202466810.1534/g3.120.401117