biostudies-literature00440Xu FScience and Technology Planning Project of Shantou CityMedical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong ProvinceDepartment of Education of Guangdong ProvinceSpecial Funds for Innovation Strategy of Science and Education in Guangdong ProvinceSupporting Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research FoundationProject of Innovating and Strengthening Universities in Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong High-level University Development ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant for Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical MedicineSpecial Funds for Science and Technology of Guangdong Province241-249https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7183104biostudies-literatureUnknown17Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype. However, the prognostic and predictive outcomes differ because of this cancer type heterogeneity. LUAD subtypes were identified on the basis of the immunogenomic profiling of 29 immune signatures. We named three LUAD subtypes: Immunity High, Immunity Medium, and Immunity Low. The Immunity High subtype was characterized by immune activation, e.g., increased immune scores, elevated stromal scores and the highest infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and decreased tumor purities. Activated expressions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, immune checkpoint molecules, and T helper 1 (Th1)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ) gene signature were also observed in the Immunity High subtype. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, associated with cancer initiation and progression, was reduced in the Immunity High subtype. Functional and signaling pathway enrichment analysis further showed that differentially expressed genes between the Immunity High subtype and the other subtypes mainly participated in immune response and some cancer-associated pathways. In addition, the Immunity High subtype exhibited more sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, candidate compounds that aimed at LUAD subtype differentiation were identified. Comprehensively characterizing the LUAD subtypes based on immune signatures may help to provide potential strategies for LUAD treatment.Molecular therapy oncolyticsAnalysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Based on Immune Signatures Identifies Clinical Implications for Cancer Therapy.PMC71831042018-157A20204302019-113002-181191012019-772019-1062020A1515011519816726402019-702018KTSCX066Hong XBYang XBChen YSXu FChen JXLin LLi ZX44falseAnalysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Based on Immune Signatures Identifies Clinical Implications for Cancer Therapy.Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype. However, the prognostic and predictive outcomes differ because of this cancer type heterogeneity. LUAD subtypes were identified on the basis of the immunogenomic profiling of 29 immune signatures. We named three LUAD subtypes: Immunity High, Immunity Medium, and Immunity Low. The Immunity High subtype was characterized by immune activation, e.g., increased immune scores, elevated stromal scores and the highest infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and decreased tumor purities. Activated expressions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, immune checkpoint molecules, and T helper 1 (Th1)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ) gene signature were also observed in the Immunity High subtype. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, associated with cancer initiation and progression, was reduced in the Immunity High subtype. Functional and signaling pathway enrichment analysis further showed that differentially expressed genes between the Immunity High subtype and the other subtypes mainly participated in immune response and some cancer-associated pathways. In addition, the Immunity High subtype exhibited more sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, candidate compounds that aimed at LUAD subtype differentiation were identified. Comprehensively characterizing the LUAD subtypes based on immune signatures may help to provide potential strategies for LUAD treatment.2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Jun2024-12-04T11:18:25.279Z2020-05-22T18:53:44ZS-EPMC71831043234661310.1016/j.omto.2020.03.021