biostudies-literatureZhang HTUnited States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Research Laboratory2245https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7206050biostudies-literatureUnknown11(1)Trees are used by animals, humans and machines to classify information and make decisions. Natural tree structures displayed by synapses of the brain involves potentiation and depression capable of branching and is essential for survival and learning. Demonstration of such features in synthetic matter is challenging due to the need to host a complex energy landscape capable of learning, memory and electrical interrogation. We report experimental realization of tree-like conductance states at room temperature in strongly correlated perovskite nickelates by modulating proton distribution under high speed electric pulses. This demonstration represents physical realization of ultrametric trees, a concept from number theory applied to the study of spin glasses in physics that inspired early neuNature communicationsPerovskite neural trees.PMC7206050W911NF1920237Huang CCherukara MJKrishnamurthy MGe MFrano ARoy KNarayanan BWang QZhang HTWadekar SNZhou HAndrawis RZaluzhnyy IANazaretski ESprau POManna SSankaranarayanan SKRSChu YSHolt MVSun YSrinivasan GHua NShpyrko OGRamanathan SZhang ZHuang XPark TJYan HfalsePerovskite neural trees.Trees are used by animals, humans and machines to classify information and make decisions. Natural tree structures displayed by synapses of the brain involves potentiation and depression capable of branching and is essential for survival and learning. Demonstration of such features in synthetic matter is challenging due to the need to host a complex energy landscape capable of learning, memory and electrical interrogation. We report experimental realization of tree-like conductance states at room temperature in strongly correlated perovskite nickelates by modulating proton distribution under high speed electric pulses. This demonstration represents physical realization of ultrametric trees, a concept from number theory applied to the study of spin glasses in physics that inspired early neu2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 May2025-04-21T23:03:35.866Z2020-05-22T20:06:07ZS-EPMC72060503238203610.1038/s41467-020-16105-y