biostudies-literatureLiu FShanghai Pu-jiang ProgramShanghai Health Bureauthe National Natural Science Foundation of China1746573https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7219269biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Despite the success of monotherapies based on blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in human melanoma, most patients do not experience durable clinical benefit. T-cell infiltration and/or the presence of PD-L1 in tumors may be used as indicators of clinical response; However, recent studies reported that preexisting tumor-specific T cells may have limited reinvigoration capacity. Therefore, evaluating status of T cells of tumor-adjacent area and its impact on the prognosis are very important. Here, we examined 117 surgical samples from HCC patients for infiltration of exhausted T cell (Tex) including CD4⁺-Tex, CD8⁺-Tex and regulatory T cell (FOXP3⁺-Treg) in tumor and adjacent tissue. CD3⁺CD45RO⁺T cells were sorted from adjacent arOncoimmunologyHeterogeneity of exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment is linked to patient survival following resection in hepatocellular carcinoma.PMC72192698177167217PJD006201740101Sanin DETian MLu YQiao TJia GWang HWang XWu DZhu BLiu FLiu WShi YfalseHeterogeneity of exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment is linked to patient survival following resection in hepatocellular carcinoma.Despite the success of monotherapies based on blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in human melanoma, most patients do not experience durable clinical benefit. T-cell infiltration and/or the presence of PD-L1 in tumors may be used as indicators of clinical response; However, recent studies reported that preexisting tumor-specific T cells may have limited reinvigoration capacity. Therefore, evaluating status of T cells of tumor-adjacent area and its impact on the prognosis are very important. Here, we examined 117 surgical samples from HCC patients for infiltration of exhausted T cell (Tex) including CD4⁺-Tex, CD8⁺-Tex and regulatory T cell (FOXP3⁺-Treg) in tumor and adjacent tissue. CD3⁺CD45RO⁺T cells were sorted from adjacent ar2020-01-01T00:00:00Z20202025-04-04T19:05:27.113Z2020-05-23T07:06:23ZS-EPMC72192693242617710.1080/2162402X.2020.1746573