biostudies-literatureAbreu FVSConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoInstitut PasteurFundação Oswaldo CruzEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation ProgrammeFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroE364https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7232473biostudies-literatureUnknown12(4)In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015-2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHVirusesSurvey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil.PMC7232473E-26/203.064/2016ZIKAlliance 734548VPPIS-004-FIO18309577/2013-6 and 312446/2018-7 and 309471/2016-8 and 426767/2018-7 and 88881.130684/2016-01COFECUB 799-14 and AUXPE 1731/2014PTR No. 528Lourenco-de-Oliveira RMaria Barbosa de Lima SYousfi LLima MDRQOliveira-Pinto LMFerreira-de-Brito ACastro MGNeves MSASAno Bom APDSantos AACDLinhares JHRAbreu FVSDos Santos EGomes MQde Oliveira Santos VSilva AMVDSantos TPDTeixeira DSFernandes CBBonaldo MCAzevedo ASPaupy CMoutailler SHime Miranda EMotta MARibeiro IPRomano APMfalseSurvey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil.In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015-2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NH2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 Mar2026-04-25T03:17:14.488Z2020-05-26T07:12:12ZS-EPMC72324733222489110.3390/v12040364