biostudies-literatureLubyayi LMedical Research CouncilWellcome Trust929https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC7240028biostudies-literatureUnknown11<b>Background:</b> BCG has low efficacy in tropical countries. We hypothesized that maternal latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)</i> infection (LTBI) results in fetal tolerance to mycobacterial antigens and impaired responses to BCG immunization. <b>Methods:</b> We enrolled 132 LTBI-positive and 150 LTBI-negative mothers and their babies in Entebbe, Uganda. Infants were BCG-immunized at birth. Cord blood and samples at weeks 1, 4, 6, 10, 14, 24, and 52 were analyzed for cytokine/chemokine responses to <i>M.tb</i> antigens by Luminex 17-plex assay in 6-day whole blood cultures and antibody responses by ELISA. Of the 17 Luminex analytes, seven (IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF, and IFN-γ) were included in the main analysis as they were considered most likely to represent T cell Frontiers in immunologyMaternal Latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Does Not Affect the Infant Immune Response Following BCG at Birth: An Observational Longitudinal Study in Uganda.PMC7240028MC_UU_00027/5MC_PC_17221MR/K012126/1MC_UP_1204/15MR/K019708/1MR/R005990/1107754/Z/15/ZMR/R005990/2Akurut HNabakooza GHasso-Agopsowicz MMawa PAKaleebu PLevin JSerubanja JTumusiime JDockrell HMWebb ELNakibuule MSmith STushabe JVCose SElliott AMAibo DLubyayi LfalseMaternal Latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Does Not Affect the Infant Immune Response Following BCG at Birth: An Observational Longitudinal Study in Uganda.<b>Background:</b> BCG has low efficacy in tropical countries. We hypothesized that maternal latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)</i> infection (LTBI) results in fetal tolerance to mycobacterial antigens and impaired responses to BCG immunization. <b>Methods:</b> We enrolled 132 LTBI-positive and 150 LTBI-negative mothers and their babies in Entebbe, Uganda. Infants were BCG-immunized at birth. Cord blood and samples at weeks 1, 4, 6, 10, 14, 24, and 52 were analyzed for cytokine/chemokine responses to <i>M.tb</i> antigens by Luminex 17-plex assay in 6-day whole blood cultures and antibody responses by ELISA. Of the 17 Luminex analytes, seven (IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF, and IFN-γ) were included in the main analysis as they were considered most likely to represent T cell 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z20202025-04-18T13:25:35.251Z2020-06-02T07:08:18ZS-EPMC72400283247737110.3389/fimmu.2020.00929